Laboratory study of stone heave in till exposed to freezing and thawing

Viklander, Peter

doi:10.1016/s0165-232x(98)00004-4

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Our data suggest the existence of a large manifold of possible thermal effects in granular media, analogous to the effects of vibration. Indeed, a geophysical form of granular segregation, "stone heave", has been associated with thermal effects, 10 and thermal effects are manifested in outdoor storage silos in which the grains become successively more packed with each diurnal cycle -potentially leading to catastrophic failure. 6 Perhaps most importantly, our data demonstrate an almost adiabatic alternative to mechanical agitation through which grain 2 configurations can be altered, providing a new mechanism with which the very old subject of grain packing can be probed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Packing grains by thermal cycling

Chen

Cole

Conger

et al. 2006

Nature

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One of the oldest and most intriguing problems in the handling of materials is how a collection of solid grains packs together. 1 While granular packing is normally determined by how grains are poured or shaken, we find that a systematic and controllable increase in packing is induced by simply raising and lowering the temperature, e.g., without the input of mechanical energy. The results demonstrate that thermal processing provides a largely unexplored

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confidence: 99%

Packing grains by thermal cycling

Chen

Cole

Conger

et al. 2006

Nature

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“…Sediments eventually reach a residual void ratio after a certain number of freeze-thaw cycles regardless of the initial void ratio (Viklander, 1998b). In addition, freeze-thaw cycles enhance particle segregation (Viklander, 1998a;Viklander and Eigenbrod, 2000).…”

Section: Freeze-thaw Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy geo-storage — analysis and geomechanical implications

Pastén

Santamarina

2011

KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering

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The increasing energy demand, the mismatch between generation and load, and the growing use of renewable energy accentuate the need for energy storage. In this context, energy geo-storage provides various alternatives, the use of which depends on the quality of surplus energy. In terms of power and energy capacity, large mechanical energy storage systems such as Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) and Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) are cost-effective and suitable for centralized power generation. In contrast, sensible and latent heat storage are appropriate for distributed applications when excess heat is involved. Energy density estimations highlight the advantages of compressed air over elevated water, and latent heat over sensible heat storage. From a geotechnical standpoint, the operation of geo-storage systems exerts complex effective stress, temperature, wet-dry, and freeze-thaw cycles. Although these excitations may not cause monotonic failure, they lead to ratcheting or shakedown behavior, both of which must be carefully analyzed to ensure the proper long-term cyclic response of energy geo-storage systems.

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“…For example, a geophysical form of granular segregation ('stone heave') has been associated with thermal effects 10 . Temperature changes can also cause granular pressure to increase in outdoor silos with each diurnal cycle -potentially leading to catastrophic failure of the silo 6 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Erratum: Corrigendum

Gridi‐Papp¹,

Rand²,

Ryan

2006

Nature

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Small temperature changes can affect the packing of granular materials without mechanical disturbance.A long-standing problem in managing the behaviour of a collection of solid grains concerns the nature of the grain packing 1 , a property that is typically controlled by how the grains are poured or shaken. Here we show that a systematic and controllable increase in granular packing can be induced by simply raising and then lowering the temperature, without the input of mechanical energy. This thermal processing may have important practical implications for the handling and storage of granular materials.The packing fraction of a granular material is defined as the fraction of sample volume that is filled by grains rather than by empty space, and typically varies between 57% and 64% for randomly arranged, spherical grains and even more widely for other grain shapes. The density of packing can be increased by vibration or tapping, which induce small rearrangements that allow the grains to settle 2-4 .When a granular material is heated, the grains and their container both undergo thermal expansion. This can lead to settling because of the metastable nature of disordered grain configurations (especially if the grains and their container are made of different materials), and such settling should not be reversible upon cooling to ambient temperature. It has been shown that temperature changes affect silos in industrial settings 5,6 and the stress state of a granular pile 7,8 . But the grain dynamics induced by thermal cycling have not been analysed until now.We examined the change in packing fraction for glass spheres contained in vertical plastic cylinders in response to thermal cycling (using both single thermal cycles from room temperature and repeated cycles over the same temperature range; for methods, see supplementary information). We found that there was a clear increase in packing even for a single cycle to 10 ᑻC above ambient room temperature (Fig. 1a). The results were not affected by the height to which the cylinders were filled (to within Ǆ10%), the heating rate, or the time spent at the cycle temperature after thermal equilibrium was reached. They changed only slightly (<20%) if the cylinder diameter was changed by an order of magnitude (Fig. 1b). This latter result is physically sensible, because the expansion of the grains and of the container scales with the size of the sample.The packing fraction continues to increase over multiple thermal cycles (Fig. 1c). The increase can be described by a double-exponential density-relaxation model, consistent with a combination of large-scale (relaxation of granular blocks) and small-scale (relaxation of individual particles) rearrangements (for details of the model and fits to the data, see supplementary information) 9 . Although the limited range of the experimental data restricts thorough testing of this double-relaxation model, the 'time constants' of the two different relaxation times observed for each cycle temperature do increase with decreasing cycle temp...

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Laboratory study of stone heave in till exposed to freezing and thawing

Cited by 42 publications

References 25 publications

Packing grains by thermal cycling

Packing grains by thermal cycling

Energy geo-storage — analysis and geomechanical implications

Erratum: Corrigendum

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