Lack of a Synergistic Effect on Cardiometabolic and Redox Markers in a Dietary Supplementation with Anthocyanins and Xanthophylls in Postmenopausal Women

Abstract

Fruits and vegetables are pivotal for a healthy diet due partly to their content in bioactive compounds. It is for this reason that we conducted a parallel study to unravel the possible effect on cardiometabolic parameters of the ingestion of anthocyanins, xanthophylls, or both groups of bioactives together in postmenopausal women. Seventy-two postmenopausal women were randomized into an 8-month parallel study: a group consuming 60 mg/day anthocyanins (Group A), a group consuming 6 mg lutein and 2 mg zeaxanthin per day (Group X), and a third group consuming a combination of anthocyanins and xanthophylls in the same amounts (Group A+X). Non-targeted metabolomic analysis was done in plasma samples at baseline and after the 8-month intervention by HPLC-QTOF-MS. Inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardiometabolic parameters were measured at the beginning of the study and after 4 and 8-months intervention. Compared with baseline values, none of the 8-month treatments significantly (p < 0.05) changed systolic or diastolic blood pressure (BP), plasma C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 or matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9. Only plasma glucose levels were significantly decreased by treatment A+X after 8 months, and the plasma metabolomic profile was clearly affected by all three dietary supplementations after 8 months. In parallel, there was an increase, also for the three groups, in the plasma ferric reducing antioxidant power value that did not show any synergistic effect between the two groups of bioactives. Postmenopausal women could benefit from an increase in anthocyanins and xanthophylls intake, through the consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in these two types of compounds. Accordingly, plasma glucose and, above all, the reducing power in plasma, could be improved.

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“…Daily supplementation with 60 mg anthocyanins or 6 mg lutein plus 2 mg zeaxanthin or a combination was reported to significantly increase plasma TAC after four and eight months of intervention in all three groups [ 83 ], while no significant effect on OS markers was found after combined intervention with 11 mg lycopene, phytoene and phytofluene per day for four weeks [ 84 ]. Intervention with ferulic acid 1000 mg/day for six weeks significantly lowered plasma MDA and oxLDL and plasma dROM while elevating biological antioxidant potential (BAP) at the same time [ 85 ].…”

A Dietary Intervention High in Green Leafy Vegetables Reduces Oxidative DNA Damage in Adults at Increased Risk of Colorectal Cancer: Biological Outcomes of the Randomized Controlled Meat and Three Greens (M3G) Feasibility Trial

“…Relevant studies typically observe decreases in one or two, but rarely all three of these cytokines. These interventions include grape and grapeseed extracts, tart cherry juice, and avocado, as well as supplements aimed to modulate microbiota using synbiotics, kefir, and resistant starch [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]. Our observed trend in TNFα reduction may be spurious given the relative stability of the gut microbiota during the 12-week study.…”

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“…Some long-term randomized clinical trial reports indicated that 60 mg/day supplementation of anthocyanins for eight months among postmenopausal women produces favorable effects on glucose levels. However, no changes in inflammatory and antioxidant parameters, such as CRP, IL-6, VCAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (IAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), or matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9, were observed [ 107 ]. Similarly, no changes in plasma adiponectin, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, TNFα, or CRP were observed among healthy former smokers in 12-week, 500 mg aronia extract supplementation.…”