Lack of Effect on Embryo Mortality and Fry Growth from Adult Coho Salmon Subjected to Electronarcosis Prior to Spawning

Hudson, James M.; Kavanagh, Maureen; Castle, Shawna; Silver, Brook P.

doi:10.1080/15222055.2014.920750

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Kynard and Lonsdale (1975) and Curry and Kynard (1978) applied EN to salmonids for up to 6 h without mortality. There was no effect on embryo survival or fry growth among the progeny of adult Coho Salmon that were immobilized with EN (Hudson et al 2014). Study fish under EN were generally calm and easy to handle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Voltage gradient was measured as the voltage applied to electrodes divided by the distance between electrodes. Multiple researchers have reported success in achieving EN at voltage gradients between 0.25 and 0.56 V/cm (Kynard and Lonsdale 1975;Curry and Kynard 1978;Hudson et al 2014). Conductivity of treatment water was not measured during tagging but typically ranges between 50 and 100 mS/cm in the Klickitat River (Yakama Nation Fisheries, unpublished data).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Electronarcosis and Carbon Dioxide Sedation Effects on Travel Time in Adult Chinook and Coho Salmon

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Allen

Zendt

2015

N American J Fish Manag

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The immobilization of fish during handling is crucial in avoiding injury to fish and is thought to reduce handling stress. Chemical sedatives have been a primary choice for fish immobilization. However, most chemical sedatives accumulate in tissues, and often food fishes must be held until accumulations degrade to levels safe for human consumption. Historically, there have been few options for nonchemical sedation. Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been widely used for decades as a sedative, and while it does not require a degradation period, it does have drawbacks. The use of electronarcosis is another nonchemical option that does not require degradation time. However, little is known about the latent and delayed effects on migration rates of adult salmonids that have been immobilized with electricity. We compared the travel times of adult Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and Coho Salmon O. kisutch through a fishway at river kilometer (rkm) 4, and to rkm 16 and rkm 32 after being immobilized with either CO2 or electronarcosis. Travel times of fish treated with either CO2 or electronarcosis were similar within species. Because of the nearly instantaneous induction of and recovery from electronarcosis, we recommend it as an alternative to CO2 for handling large adult salmonids. Received February 17, 2015; accepted June 27, 2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of Electronarcosis and Carbon Dioxide Sedation Effects on Travel Time in Adult Chinook and Coho Salmon

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Allen

Zendt

2015

N American J Fish Manag

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“…Hudson et al. () observed that survival of embryos produced from adult Coho Salmon O. kisutch treated with EN was similar to that of embryos from MS‐222‐treated adults. In these studies, EN was considered preferable to CO 2 or MS‐222 due to faster induction and recovery times.…”

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confidence: 98%

Evaluation of Electronarcosis as a Tool for Collection of Biological Data from Adult Steelhead

2018

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We evaluated electronarcosis (EN) as an alternative to traditional techniques for immobilizing adult steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss during trapping efforts designed to collect broodstock for hatchery operations and while gathering data for a variety of management and research activities. We compared the rates of fish injury, adult prespawn mortality, embryo survival, and spawner handling efficiency between EN and standard operating procedures with and without chemical anesthetics. Similar rates of injury occurred in adult steelhead when EN and tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) were used to immobilize fish. Similar rates of mortality were observed for developing embryos from parents treated with EN or MS-222. In comparisons between EN and a Vtrough (VT) without anesthetic, the use of an EN chamber allowed for scale sampling procedures to be completed faster than when VTs were used. Fish sex and handling treatment contributed significantly to the models describing survival distribution of steelhead handled using EN or VT without anesthetic. A lower mortality rate was observed in females treated with EN than in females subjected to the VT treatment. These data support the further use and evaluation of EN for steelhead when collecting data, biological samples, or broodstock in field or hatchery settings.

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“…Most recently, however, electrical immobilization (i.e., electroimmobilization) of fish has gained more interest as an alternative method (Hudson et al. ; Rous et al. ; Kim et al.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Commonly used methods for immobilizing fish include immersion of fish into chilled or CO 2 -saturated water, as well as application of chemicals such as tricaine methanesulfonate or eugenol (clove oil) to the water (Fish 1942;Anderson et al 1997;Pirhonen and Schreck 2003). Most recently, however, electrical immobilization (i.e., electroimmobilization) of fish has gained more interest as an alternative method (Hudson et al 2015;Rous et al 2015;Kim et al 2017).…”

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Electroimmobilization as an Alternative Method to Chemical Immobilization of Larval Fish

et al. 2019

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Electroimmobilization is commonly used in field and hatchery settings for juvenile to adult fish; however, its use in laboratory studies is limited, specifically with larval fish. Here, we describe the use of electroimmobilization for temporary immobilization of larval fish, with Zebrafish Danio rerio as the species of interest. We quantified immobilization duration and survival of larvae for 72 h after exposure to a range of electrical settings and electric waveforms. We also compared effects of electroimmobilization between two wild‐type strains and between larvae 4 days postfertilization (dpf) and 7 dpf. Our results indicate that an electrical power density level of 10,406 μW/cm3 (corresponding to a 10V setting with our experimental parameters) was ineffective at immobilizing fish, regardless of waveform; however, mean immobilization duration increased with an increase in applied power density, which was longest (mean ± SE = 100 ± 11 s) when using a pulsed direct current at a power density of 860,000 μW/cm3. Significant differences in mean immobilization duration and survival between strains were not detected for larvae exposed to the same setting. However, 7‐dpf larvae exposed to the same setting as 4‐dpf larvae had significantly longer immobilization durations across all treatment groups. Survival of 4‐dpf larvae within any given electroimmobilization treatment ranged from 80% to 100%, which was comparable to chemical immobilization with tricaine methanesulfonate or to age‐matched controls. Survival of 7‐dpf larvae ranged from 48% to 90% depending on electroimmobilization treatment, but survival of age‐matched controls was 65%; thus, lower survival of 7‐dpf larvae in treatment groups cannot be attributed specifically to electroimmobilization. These findings indicate that electroimmobilization can be a valuable tool for rapidly immobilizing larval fish in laboratory research, but we caution that it should only be used for short‐duration procedures.

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Lack of Effect on Embryo Mortality and Fry Growth from Adult Coho Salmon Subjected to Electronarcosis Prior to Spawning

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Comparison of Electronarcosis and Carbon Dioxide Sedation Effects on Travel Time in Adult Chinook and Coho Salmon

Comparison of Electronarcosis and Carbon Dioxide Sedation Effects on Travel Time in Adult Chinook and Coho Salmon

Evaluation of Electronarcosis as a Tool for Collection of Biological Data from Adult Steelhead

Electroimmobilization as an Alternative Method to Chemical Immobilization of Larval Fish

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