Lack of evidence for endocrine disrupting effects in rats exposed to fenitrothion in utero and from weaning to maturation

Okahashi, Noriko; Sano, Masashi; Miyata, Kaori; Tamano, Seiko; Higuchi, Hashihiro; Kamita, Yusuke; Seki, Takaki

doi:10.1016/j.tox.2004.04.020

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…There is insufficient evidence to assess the risk of tested pesticides to human health because of a lack of data. However, to our knowledge, all of the pesticides (with the possible exception of fenitrothion; Okahashi et al 2005;Turner et al 2002) identified as in vitro AR antagonists in our study have also been reported to have anti androgenic effects in vivo in animal models (Anway et al 2006;Gray et al 1999;Lambright et al 2000;McIntyre et al 2002;Ostby et al 1999;Sinha et al 2001;Taxvig et al 2007;Uzumcu et al 2004;Vinggaard et al 2005). We also identified 7 compounds that appeared to be androgenic because they stimulated activity in the absence of DHT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Widely Used Pesticides with Previously Unknown Endocrine Activity Revealed as in Vitro Antiandrogens

Orton¹,

Rosivatz²,

Scholze³

et al. 2011

Environ Health Perspect

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Widely Used Pesticides with Previously Unknown Endocrine Activity Revealed as in Vitro Antiandrogens

Orton¹,

Rosivatz²,

Scholze³

et al. 2011

Environ Health Perspect

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“…This mechanism might explain the sperm quality defects in FnT-treated rats, that is, by decreasing sperm motility and viability and increasing the abnormal sperm morphology. administration of FnT at a smaller dose in the diet may also cause a mild decrease in sperm concentration, motility, and morphology [29]. In contrast, dichlorvos induction has been found to reduce the percentage of sperm motility without causing any alterations in sperm count and morphology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Fenitrothion Alters Sperm Characteristics in Rats: Ameliorating Effects of Palm Oil Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction

et al. 2014

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Exposure to organophosphate insecticides such as fenitrothion (FNT) in agriculture and public health has been reported to affect sperm quality. Antioxidants may have a potential to reduce spermatotoxic effects induced by organophosphate. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of palm oil tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) in reducing the detrimental effects occurring in spermatozoa of FNT-treated rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups: a control group and groups of rats treated orally with palm oil TRF (200 mg/kg), FNT (20 mg/kg) and palm oil TRF (200 mg/kg) combined with FNT (20 mg/kg). The sperm characteristics, DNA damage, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl (PC) were evaluated. Supplementation with TRF attenuated the detrimental effects of FNT by significantly increasing the sperm counts, motility, and viability and decreased the abnormal sperm morphology. The SOD activity and GSH level were significantly increased, whereas the MDA and PC levels were significantly decreased in the TRF+FNT group compared with the rats receiving FNT alone. TRF significantly decreased the DNA damage in the sperm of FNT-treated rats. A significant correlation between abnormal sperm morphology and DNA damage was found in all groups. TRF showed the potential to reduce the detrimental effects occurring in spermatozoa of FNT-treated rats.

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“…No effects on reproductive performance, organ weights, histopathology, or sperm occurred; and among offspring, no general toxicity or effects on anogenital distance, retention of areolae/nipples, onset of puberty, organ weights, histopathological findings, or sperm parameters occurred (406).…”

Section: Experimental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…When pregnant rats were fed diets with 0, 10, 20, or 60 ppm 10 weeks prior to mating, and throughout mating, gestation and lactation, and until 10 weeks of age (offspring), brain cholinesterase was inhibited in dams at 20 and 60 ppm (406). No effects on reproductive performance, organ weights, histopathology, or sperm occurred; and among offspring, no general toxicity or effects on anogenital distance, retention of areolae/nipples, onset of puberty, organ weights, histopathological findings, or sperm parameters occurred (406).…”

Section: Experimental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphorus Pesticides

Storm¹

2012

Patty's Toxicology

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Most organophosphorus compounds today fall into two general groups: the so‐called nerve agents, that are very acutely toxic and organophosphorus pesticides that are less toxic. Nerve agents were generally the first toxic organophosphorus developed, and were the original basis for organophosphorus pesticides. Interest about nerve agents has increased lately given concerns about their potential use in terrorist acts. Organophosphate nerve agents and pesticides are a highly diverse group of chemicals. They are all characterized by their ability to inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) that deactivates the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). At present, the widest use of organophosphorus compounds is as pesticides, although they have also been used as therapeutic agents, gasoline additives, hydraulic fluids, cotton defoliants, fire retardants, plastic components, growth regulators, and industrial intermediates to a much smaller extent. Compounds in this class are numerous and have been categorized in many ways according to the nature of the substituents. Gallo and Lawryk (1991) [2], for example, categorized them into four main groups I–IV based on the characteristics of the leaving group (X). Group I compounds, phosphorylcholines, have a leaving group that contains a quaternary nitrogen and are among the most potent organophosphates (e.g., Shradan). Group II compounds, fluorophosphates, have a fluoride leaving group and are also generally highly toxic (e.g., diisopropyl fluorophosphate). Group III compounds have leaving groups that contain cyanide or a halogen other than fluoride and are generally less potent than group I or II (e.g., Parathion). Group IV contains most of the organophosphates used as insecticides today. These compounds have alkoxy, alkylthio, aryloxy, arylthio, or heterocyclic leaving groups and a wide variety of other substituents. Another classification scheme is based on the nature of the atoms that immediately surround the central phosphorus atom and results in 14 different categories. According to this scheme, phosphates are the prototype for the entire class and are those compounds where all four atoms that surround the phosphorus atom are oxygen (e.g., dichlorvos, mevinphos). Sulfur‐containing organophosphate compounds (phosphorothioates, phosphorothiolates, phosphorodithioates, and phosphorodithiolates) are far more numerous than phosphates and include well‐recognized organophosphate insecticides such as parathion, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, etc. Other groups contain nitrogen (phosphoramides and phosphorodiamides), nitrogen and sulfur (phosphoramidothionates and phosphoramidothiolates), carbon (phosphonates and phosphinates), or carbon and sulfur (phosphonothionates, phosphonothionothiolates, and phosphinothionates). All aspects of organophosphate chemistry, toxicity, analysis, and exposure potential have been previously and comprehensively reviewed. In addition, information regarding the toxicity of organophosphorus pesticides in particular has expanded greatly in recent years as a result of toxicity data supplied by registrants to the U.S. EPA's Office of Pesticides to support reregistration. These data have been made publicly available by the U.S. EPA on its Internet Web site ( www.epa.gov/pesticides ). The following discussion draws heavily from recent reviews and also includes summaries of relevant toxicity data submitted to, and made available by, the U.S. EPA.

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Lack of evidence for endocrine disrupting effects in rats exposed to fenitrothion in utero and from weaning to maturation

Cited by 30 publications

References 24 publications

Widely Used Pesticides with Previously Unknown Endocrine Activity Revealed as in Vitro Antiandrogens

Widely Used Pesticides with Previously Unknown Endocrine Activity Revealed as in Vitro Antiandrogens

Fenitrothion Alters Sperm Characteristics in Rats: Ameliorating Effects of Palm Oil Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction

Organophosphorus Pesticides

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