Lack of oral HSV‐2 in a college student population

Docherty, John J.; Trimble, John J.; Safner, Roman; Faulkner, Sally; Naugle, F. P.; Mundon, F. K.; Zimmerman, Daniel H.

doi:10.1002/jmv.1890160309

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…CMV and HHV-8 were not detected at consecutive appointments in any patient, and HSV-2 and VZV were not detected in any salivas. Overall, these data are consistent with the findings of others who have examined the duration of HHV shedding in saliva (21,32,38,50,88) and indicate that the prevalence of HHVs in the saliva of asymptomatic adults does not increase upon the stress of dental treatment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of Prophylactic Valacyclovir on the Presence of Human Herpesvirus DNA in Saliva of Healthy Individuals after Dental Treatment

Miller¹,

Avdiushko²,

Danaher³

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

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Human herpesviruses (HHVs) are ubiquitous pathogens that intermittently reactivate from latency. Transmission is believed to be facilitated by their frequent appearance in saliva. This study sought to understand the factors that influence the appearance of these viruses in saliva by examining the prevalence, pattern, and quantity of all eight HHVs in saliva of immunocompetent adults with a history of recurrent oral herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections following dental treatment and antiviral therapy. Valacyclovir or matched placebo was given (2 g twice on the day of treatment and 1 g twice the following day) to 125 patients in a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Saliva, collected on the day of dental treatment and 3 and 7 days later, was analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR. At all visits, HHVs coinfected saliva. Over the course of the week, the DNAs of HHV-6 and HHV-7 were detected significantly more often (97% to 99% of patients) than Epstein-Barr virus (EBV; 64.8%), HSV-1 (13.0%), HHV-8 (3.2%), cytomegalovirus (2.4%), HSV-2 (0%), and varicella-zoster virus (0%), irrespective of drug treatment (P < 0.002). Mean genome copy numbers were highest for HSV-1 and HHV-6. Dental treatment did not influence asymptomatic viral shedding patterns. However, valacyclovir treatment resulted in significantly fewer patients shedding EBV at both postoperative visits compared with placebo (P < 0.008). These results suggest that HHVs are simultaneously present in the saliva of healthy adults at levels that could facilitate transmission, and valacyclovir therapy decreases the prevalence of EBV in saliva but has little effect on HHV-6 and HHV-7.Herpesviruses are ubiquitous pathogens that infect many animal species, including humans. Eight distinct members of the human Herpesviridae family have been identified. They include herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, varicellazoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), HHV-7, and HHV-8 (Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus [KSHV]) (62, 81). These large DNA viruses each express more than 70 genes that specify a number of proteins and enzymes that can cause destruction of infected cells during the lytic infection (12,63). Following the initial lytic infection, HHVs establish a latent state in a diverse group of cells that ensures survival of the viral genome throughout the life of the host. Periodic reactivation and viral recrudescence (i.e., appearance with or without clinical symptoms) occur after stress and alterations in immune surveillance. Frank immunosuppression is associated with more severe disease and complications (e.g., encephalitis, pneumonia, hepatitis, and various forms of cancer) (2,7,13,14,40,53,57,60,67,68,78,83,84).Over 95% of the adult population are infected with HHVs (28,39,70,71,86). Infections occur following intimate contact with virus-laden secretions and in some case by fomites (e.g., nurseries, day care centers) (22,72). Saliva harbors most of the HHVs and appears to be an important mode for viru...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of Prophylactic Valacyclovir on the Presence of Human Herpesvirus DNA in Saliva of Healthy Individuals after Dental Treatment

Miller¹,

Avdiushko²,

Danaher³

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

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show abstract

“…23,75,94 Studies suggest a greater likelihood for the transmission of HSV1 to the genitals compared with the transmission of HSV2 to the orolabial region. 108 After the initial infection, infected individuals may periodically shed HSV from multiple anatomic sites irrespective of the clinical symptoms. 60,76 The frequency of symptomatic and subclinical reactivation as well as the magnitude of viral shedding may be affected by the viral strain, initial dose of inoculum, anatomic site of infection, host's genetic make-up, and immune status as well as time since acquisition.…”

Section: Genital Herpesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human herpes simplex virus infections: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, symptomatology, diagnosis, and management

Fatahzadeh¹,

Schwartz²

2007

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

453

431

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“…3 12 For example, in a sexually active college population, oral lesions cultured from 43 students yielded only HSV-1. 13 However, HSV-2 has been isolated in primary infection from the mouth, especially in people who complain of a sore throat. 14 Lafferty et al followed 39 adults, 27 with HSV-1 and 12 with HSV-2, with primary oral and genital HSV infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chester Chronicles: Paddy

O'Mahony

2004

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Objectives: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and HSV-2 reactivate preferentially in the oral and genital area, respectively. We aimed to define frequency and characteristics associated with oral shedding of HSV-2. Methods: Demographic, clinical and laboratory data of patients with documented HSV-2 infection and at least one oral viral culture obtained were selected from the University of Washington Virology Research Clinic database. Results: Of 1388 people meeting the entry criteria, 44 (3.2%) had HSV-2 isolated at least once from their mouths. In comparison with the 1344 people who did not have HSV-2 isolated from their mouth, participants with oral HSV-2 were more likely to be male (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.7), HIV positive (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 6.0), and homosexual (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.2), and to have collected a larger number of oral specimens (median 32 v 4, p,0.001). Of the 58 days with oral HSV-2 isolation, 15 (25%) occurred during newly acquired HSV-2 infection, 12 (21%) during a recurrence with genital lesions, three (5%) during a recurrence with oral lesions, and three (5%) during a recurrence with oral and genital lesions; 25 (43%) occurred during asymptomatic shedding. Oral HSV-2 was found less frequently than oral HSV-1 (0.06% v 1%, p,0.001) in people with HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibody, and less frequently than genital HSV-2 (0.09% v 7%, p,0.001). Conclusions: Oral reactivation of HSV-2 as defined by viral isolation is uncommon and usually occurs in the setting of first episode of genital HSV-2 or during genital recurrence of HSV-2.

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Lack of oral HSV‐2 in a college student population

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of Prophylactic Valacyclovir on the Presence of Human Herpesvirus DNA in Saliva of Healthy Individuals after Dental Treatment

Effect of Prophylactic Valacyclovir on the Presence of Human Herpesvirus DNA in Saliva of Healthy Individuals after Dental Treatment

Human herpes simplex virus infections: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, symptomatology, diagnosis, and management

Chester Chronicles: Paddy

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