Lack of oxidative damage on temperate juvenile catsharks after a long-term ocean acidification exposure

Pegado, Maria Rita; Santos, Catarina; Pimentel, Marta S.; Cyrne, Ricardo; Sampaio, Eduardo; Temporão, Ana; Röckner, Janina; Diniz, Mário; Rosa, Rui

doi:10.1007/s00227-020-03770-2

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…On the other hand, no significant effects of either treatment were observed over hypoxia tolerance (Figure 6B; Supplementary Table 3), despite previous indication that these two responses may be intertwined (Butler and Taylor, 1975;Ely et al, 2014;Bouyoucos et al, 2020a). Likewise, cell stress levels, particularly oxidative damage, appear not to be affected by EA (Figure 6C; Supplementary Table 3), with elasmobranchs relying on non-enzymatic ROS-scavengers in addition to enzymatic antioxidants, which may be a potential explanation for their resilience (Lopes et al, 2018;Pegado et al, 2020a). However, this same response has rarely been addressed under EW and EWA, despite more evidence suggesting potentially considerable effects of these treatments over elasmobranchs and other taxa (Lesser, 2006;Rosa et al, 2016a).…”

Section: Tolerance and Stress Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Elasmobranch Responses to Experimental Warming, Acidification, and Oxygen Loss—A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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Despite the long evolutionary history of this group, the challenges brought by the Anthropocene have been inflicting an extensive pressure over sharks and their relatives. Overexploitation has been driving a worldwide decline in elasmobranch populations, and rapid environmental change, triggered by anthropogenic activities, may further test this group's resilience. In this context, we searched the literature for peer-reviewed studies featuring a sustained (>24 h) and controlled exposure of elasmobranch species to warming, acidification, and/or deoxygenation: three of the most pressing symptoms of change in the ocean. In a standardized comparative framework, we conducted an array of mixed-model meta-analyses (based on 368 control-treatment contrasts from 53 studies) to evaluate the effects of these factors and their combination as experimental treatments. We further compared these effects across different attributes (lineages, climates, lifestyles, reproductive modes, and life stages) and assessed the direction of impact over a comprehensive set of biological responses (survival, development, growth, aerobic metabolism, anaerobic metabolism, oxygen transport, feeding, behavior, acid-base status, thermal tolerance, hypoxia tolerance, and cell stress). Based on the present findings, warming appears as the most influential factor, with clear directional effects, namely decreasing development time and increasing aerobic metabolism, feeding, and thermal tolerance. While warming influence was pervasive across attributes, acidification effects appear to be more context-specific, with no perceivable directional trends across biological responses apart from the necessary to achieve acid-base balance. Meanwhile, despite its potential for steep impacts, deoxygenation has been the most neglected factor, with data paucity ultimately precluding sound conclusions. Likewise, the implementation of multi-factor treatments has been mostly restricted to the combination of warming and acidification, with effects approximately matching those of warming. Despite considerable progress over recent years, research regarding the impact of these drivers on elasmobranchs lags behind other taxa, with more research required to disentangle many of the observed effects. Given the current levels of extinction risk and the quick pace of global change, it is further crucial that we integrate the knowledge accumulated through different scientific approaches into a holistic perspective to better understand how this group may fare in a changing ocean.

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Section: Tolerance and Stress Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Elasmobranch Responses to Experimental Warming, Acidification, and Oxygen Loss—A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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“…As they are deposited in coastal areas experiencing fluctuations in oxygen availability [ 27 , 28 ], the species may have developed adaptations to avoid the occurrence of oxidative stress throughout its evolution. Furthermore, sharks are known to produce a high level of nonenzymatic ROS scavengers involved in the prevention of oxidative damage, such as ascorbic and uric acids, carotenoids, reduced glutathione, and amino acids [ 37 , 44 , 45 ]. ROS scavengers have a low molecular weight, act as complementary antioxidant defense system, and are prevalent in sharks [ 44 , 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ROS scavengers have a low molecular weight, act as complementary antioxidant defense system, and are prevalent in sharks [ 44 , 46 ]. In a previous study with S. canicula juveniles exposed to long-term and high CO 2 conditions, there was also no evidence of oxidative damage [ 45 ]. The same finding was observed for the tropical benthic shark Chiloscyllium plagiosum in which their exposure to a high level of CO 2 for 50 days did not elicit oxidative damage [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Deoxygenation and Hypoxia on Shark Embryos Anti-Predator Behavior and Oxidative Stress

Varela

Martins

Court

et al. 2023

Biology

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Climate change is leading to the loss of oxygen content in the oceans and endangering the survival of many marine species. Due to sea surface temperature warming and changing circulation, the ocean has become more stratified and is consequently losing its oxygen content. Oviparous elasmobranchs are particularly vulnerable as they lay their eggs in coastal and shallow areas, where they experience significant oscillations in oxygen levels. Here, we investigated the effects of deoxygenation (93% air saturation) and hypoxia (26% air saturation) during a short-term period (six days) on the anti-predator avoidance behavior and physiology (oxidative stress) of small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) embryos. Their survival rate decreased to 88% and 56% under deoxygenation and hypoxia, respectively. The tail beat rates were significantly enhanced in the embryos under hypoxia compared to those exposed to deoxygenation and control conditions, and the freeze response duration showed a significant opposite trend. Yet, at the physiological level, through the analyses of key biomarkers (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST activities as well as HSP70, Ubiquitin, and MDA levels), we found no evidence of increased oxidative stress and cell damage under hypoxia. Thus, the present findings show that the projected end-of-the-century deoxygenation levels elicit neglectable biological effects on shark embryos. On the other hand, hypoxia causes a high embryo mortality rate. Additionally, hypoxia makes embryos more vulnerable to predators, because the increased tail beat frequency will enhance the release of chemical and physical cues that can be detected by predators. The shortening of the shark freeze response under hypoxia also makes the embryos more prone to predation.

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Effects of tidal emersion and marine heatwaves on cuttlefish early ontogeny

et al. 2022

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Lack of oxidative damage on temperate juvenile catsharks after a long-term ocean acidification exposure

Cited by 9 publications

References 65 publications

Elasmobranch Responses to Experimental Warming, Acidification, and Oxygen Loss—A Meta-Analysis

Elasmobranch Responses to Experimental Warming, Acidification, and Oxygen Loss—A Meta-Analysis

Impacts of Deoxygenation and Hypoxia on Shark Embryos Anti-Predator Behavior and Oxidative Stress

Effects of tidal emersion and marine heatwaves on cuttlefish early ontogeny

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