Lactase Degradation by Human Enteric Bacteria

Bampoe, V.; Avigad, Sara; Sapsford, RJ; Shiner, Margot

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(79)90006-0

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Whilst this may lead to changes in the immune system which reduce the risk of IgE‐mediated allergy [43 ] this altered gut flora can adversely affect digestive enzyme activity, particularly of lactase. This is a previously reported phenomenon [44 ] and since the majority of infants with non‐IgE‐mediated food hypersensitivity were reactive to milk, this is a potential mechanism for these cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Incidence and risk factors for food hypersensitivity in UK infants: results from a birth cohort study

Grimshaw

Bryant

Oliver

et al. 2015

Clin Transl Allergy

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BackgroundThe prevalence of food hypersensitivity in the UK is still largely open to debate. Additionally its pathogenesis is also unclear although it is known that there are differing phenotypes. Determining its prevalence, along with identifying those factors associated with its development will help to assess its clinical importance within the national setting and also add to the debate on appropriate prevention strategies.MethodsA population based birth cohort study conducted in Hampshire, UK as part of the EuroPrevall birth cohort study. 1140 infants were recruited with 823 being followed up until 2 years of age. Infants with suspected food reactions were assessed including specific IgE measurement and skin prick testing. Diagnosis of food hypersensitivity was by positive double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) where symptoms up to 48 h after the end of the food challenge were considered indicative of a food hypersensitivity. Factors associated with food hypersensitivity and its two phenotypes of IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated disease were modelled in a multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsCumulative incidence of food hypersensitivity by 2 years of age was 5.0 %. The cumulative incidence for individual food allergens were hens’ egg 2.7 % (1.6–3.8); cows’ milk 2.4 % (1.4–3.5); peanut 0.7 % (0.1–1.3); soy 0.4 % (0.0–0.8); wheat 0.2 % (0.0–0.5) and 0.1 % (0.0–0.32) for fish. The cumulative incidence of IgE-mediated food allergy was 2.6 % with 2.1 % reacting to hens’ egg. For non-IgE-mediated food allergy the cumulative incidence was 2.4 % (cows’ milk 1.7 %). Predictors for any food hypersensitivity were wheeze, maternal atopy, increasing gestational age, age at first solid food introduction and mean healthy dietary pattern score. Predictors for IgE mediated allergy were eczema, rhinitis and healthy dietary pattern score whereas for non-IgE-mediated food allergy the predictors were dog in the home, healthy dietary pattern score, maternal consumption of probiotics during breastfeeding and age at first solid food introduction.ConclusionsJust under half the infants with confirmed food hypersensitivity had no demonstrable IgE. In an exploratory analysis, risk factors for this phenotype of food hypersensitivity differed from those for IgE-mediated food allergy except for a healthy infant diet which was associated with less risk for both phenotypes.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13601-016-0089-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Incidence and risk factors for food hypersensitivity in UK infants: results from a birth cohort study

Grimshaw

Bryant

Oliver

et al. 2015

Clin Transl Allergy

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“…Nonetheless, young infants are particularly prone to secondary effects of infectious gastroenteritis, including dehydration, lactose intolerance, and chronic diarrhea. 19 Disaccharidase deficiencies may be due to the direct effects of the bacteria on the epithelial cells containing these enzymes. Several weeks to months may be required for reepithelialization and complete recovery of disaccharidase enzyme activity.…”

Section: Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Etiologic diagnosis is critical to the management of hepatitis (Table 6- 19). Hepatitis A can be diagnosed early by the detection ofIgM antibody to this virus.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pathogenesis There are several ways in which peritonitis may occur, and the microbiologic causes are extremely diverse (Table [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Peritonitis is most commonly a complication of peritoneal dialysis or perforated bowel.…”

Section: Peritonitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This infection, in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (many on a continuous basis at home), is sometimes referred to as "ambulatory peritonitis" (Table [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Staphylococci account for 30-40% of infections septica/"'J and Aspergillus and Nocardia l3 infections have also been described.…”

Section: Etiology (Table 6-21)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gastrointestinal Infections

Marks

1985

Pediatric Infectious Diseases for the Practitioner

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Gastrointestinal infections are second only to respiratory infectious diseases in frequency and morbidity. A conservative estimate places the annual worldwide mortality from gastroenteritis-related infections at six million children. Although stomatitis and esophagitis are occasionally seen as distinct entities, the vast majority of gastrointestinal infections manifest as vomiting and/or diarrhea syndromes, commonly referred to as gastroenteritis. In many cases the term "enterocolitis" describes the pathologic and clinical features more accurately. EpidemiologyDiarrhea is most pronounced in communities where undernutrition, poor hygiene, and poorly developed community facilities for sewage and drinking water exist. In such communities, as recently described for Bangladesh, the peak incidence of diarrhea syndromes occurs between 2 and 11 months of age, and most infants in their first year of life can be expected to have seven episodes of gastroenteritis. 38 Expression and frequency of infection are related to decreased host resistance secondary to nutritional deficiencies, and increased spread referable to crowded living quarters, contaminated water and food, inadequate washing and toilet facilities, abundant flies, and inadequate refrigeration and cooking technology.Young infants are most prone to the dehydrating and debilitating effects of acute gastroenteritis and have the highest attack rates. Some organisms, such as Shigella, predominate in the summer and fall months, whereas others, such as rotavirus, are frequent in the winter months in temperate climates 53 and year-round in the tropics. 38 Campylobacter and enterotoxigenic E. coli are also very prevalent in such areas. 94 M. I. Marks, Pediatric Infectious Diseases

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Chronic Nonspecific Diarrhea in Children

Poley

1983

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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Investigations by scanning electron microscopy into changes of surface morphology of small bowel ***nucosa in children with chronic nonspecific diarrhea are reported. The study population comprised 56 patients, ranging in age from 5 months to 7 years: 65% were between 10 and 28 months old, and 64% of the patients were boys. The major findings were: microorganisms on he mucosal surface: excessive extrusion of cell cytoplasm and of enterocytes (cell shedding): presence of excessive mucus on the mucosal surface: damage to the brush border; and partial villous atrophy. The latter lesion was found in only four patients. All these changes are considered pathologic and, for the most part, are presumed to be due to the presence of antigens, in particular, nicroorganisms. A depression of disaccharidase activities was encountered in 64% of the patients, but prevalence was without regard to age. Most common was a combined depression of lactase, sucrase, and maltase, as well as an isolated depression of lactase. The possibility has to be considered that enteroadherent microorganisms which are usually not considered pathogenic, and microorganisms such as Mycoplasma, may emerge as intestinal pathogens in susceptible children. It is feasible that genetic traits of the host and environmental factors facilitate adherence and colonization of the small bowel mucosa which, in turn, produces chronic diarrhea. Further studies are needed to confirm the preliminary information contained in this report.

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Lactase Degradation by Human Enteric Bacteria

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Incidence and risk factors for food hypersensitivity in UK infants: results from a birth cohort study

Incidence and risk factors for food hypersensitivity in UK infants: results from a birth cohort study

Gastrointestinal Infections

Chronic Nonspecific Diarrhea in Children

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