Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity in Gingival Crevicular Fluid as a Marker in Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Abstract

Objectives:This study aims at analyzing the changes in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity during orthodontic movement.Methods:Twenty patients all requiring first premolar extractions were selected and treated with conventional straight wire mechanotherapy. Canine retraction was done using 125 g Nitinol closed coil springs. The maxillary canine on one side served as the experimental site while the contralateral canine served as the control. GCF was collected from the canines before initiation of retraction, then 1 hour after initiating canine retraction, followed by 1 day, 7 days, 14 days and 21 days. GCF LDH levels were estimated and compared with the control site.ResultsThe results revealed significantly higher LDH levels on the 7th, 14th and 21st day at the sites where orthodontic force had been applied. The levels also showed a significant increase from 0 hour to the 21st day. Peak levels were seen on 14th and 21st day following initiation of retraction.Conclusions:The study showed that LDH could be successfully estimated in the GCF and its increased levels could indicate active tooth movement, which could aid the clinician in monitoring active orthodontic tooth movement.

Biochemical characterization of human gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement using Raman spectroscopy

“…Intensity reduction at day 28 may be due to decreased orthodontic wire force. Previous studies have analyzed cytokines, enzymes, and metabolites found in GCF during orthodontic tooth movement [12,[36][37][38]. Dudic et al studied GCF composition changes during the early phase of orthodontic tooth movement (1 min, 1 h, 1 day, and 7 days) [37].…”

“…They showed that interleukin-1β (IL-1 β), substance P (SP), and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) GCF levels near orthodontically moved teeth were significantly higher than those near control teeth for both tension and compression sides. Anil et al reported GCF lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was significantly higher on day 7, 14, and 21 where orthodontic force was applied [38].…”

Orthodontic Force Application in Correlation with Salivary Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity

“…10 Research showed that activity of LDH in gingival orthodontic force application. 11 Although a number diagnosis of periodontitis, this approach requires spebe acceptable for clinical use but not for epidemiological purposes, and especially not for mass screening. 10 Recently, saliva has been used for diagnostic purpose because it has wide range of elements for diagnostic.…”

Biomarkers of Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Gingival Crevicular Fluid: A Systematic Review

“…16,68 Markers, such as OC, TGF-b, ALP, TNFa, CAB, epidermal growth factor, beta-2-microglobulin, glycosaminoglycans components, PGE2 as well as LDH activity and AST activity have been found to be significantly elevated in the GCF surrounding teeth undergoing orthodontic movement. 5,30,33,45,50,54,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78] The levels of interleukins in the GCF, especially those of IL-1b, IL-8, IL-2 and IL-6 have been shown to increase during orthodontic treatment. 72,[79][80][81][82] The GCF level of MMPs and their inhibitors has been generally shown to peak at an average of 1 to 2 days after the application of the stimulus and return to baseline values after approximately 1 week.…”