Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in macrophages and serum during the development of pulmonary silicosis in the rat

Bansal, Surendra K.; Kaw, J.L.

doi:10.1016/0378-4274(81)90049-7

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, during acute rejection of a pulmonary graft in man, serum LDH-4 and LDH-5 increased [43]. BANSAL and KAW [6] found that AMs contained all five LDH isoenzymes, LDH-5 being the most prominent. Despite the reported predominance of certain LDH isoenzymes related to particular pulmonary disorders, fractionation of serum LDH often revealed the isomorphic, i.e.…”

Section: Serum Ldh Isoenzyme Patterns In Pulmonary Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Usefulness of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes as indicators of lung damage or inflammation

Drent¹,

Cobben²,

Henderson³

et al. 1996

Eur Respir J

461

347

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Cytoplasmatic cellular enzymes, like LDH, in the extracellular space, although of no further metabolic function in this space, are still of benefit because they serve as indicators suggestive of disturbances of the cellular integrity induced by pathological conditions. Since LDH is an enzyme present in essentially all major organ systems, serum LDH activity is abnormal in a large number of disorders.Although the increase in total serum LDH activity is rather nonspecific, it is proposed that measurement of LDH activity levels and its isoenzyme pattern in pleural effusion and, more recently, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid may provide additional information about lung and pulmonary endothelial cell injury.

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Section: Serum Ldh Isoenzyme Patterns In Pulmonary Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extracellular appearance of LDH is used to detect cell damage or cell death [1][2][3]. Due to its extraordinarily widespread distribution in the body, serum LDH is abnormal in a host of disorders [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. It is released into the peripheral blood after cell death caused by, e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes as indicators of lung damage or inflammation

Drent¹,

Cobben²,

Henderson³

et al. 1996

Eur Respir J

461

347

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In fact, it is tempting to hypothesize that alveolar macrophages would be rapidly recruited to rid the lung of the lipid, and the elevated LDH-5 activity both in the BAL fluid and the serum is due to the rapid turnover (death) of alveolar macrophages in their clean-up efforts [25]. Since the alveolar macrophages cannot metabolize the chemically inert, nonsaponifiable oil, they disintegrate after some time and liberate the intracellular oil into the alveoli, a target for a new generation of alveolar macrophages [7,25]. When the mucociliarly transport becomes depressed, a vicious circle may be set up, which accounts for the possible chronicity of this disease and the development of interstitial fibrosis [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The source of the LDH activity from the lung may be inflammatory cells, such as the alveolar macrophage, for which the most prominent LDH isoform is the LDH-5 isoenzyme [11,14,25]. In fact, it is tempting to hypothesize that alveolar macrophages would be rapidly recruited to rid the lung of the lipid, and the elevated LDH-5 activity both in the BAL fluid and the serum is due to the rapid turnover (death) of alveolar macrophages in their clean-up efforts [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BAL fluid LDH activity and LDH isoenzyme pattern in lipoid pneumonia caused by an intravenous injection of lamp oil

Drent¹,

Cobben²,

Henderson³

et al. 1996

Eur Respir J

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B BA AL L f fl lu ui id d L LD DH H a ac ct ti iv vi it ty y a an nd d L LD DH H i is so oe en nz zy ym me e p pa at tt te er rn n i in n l li ip po oi idIn addition to " "foamy" " alveolar macrophages, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis showed an increased number of neutrophils. Moreover, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase activities were elevated. The increase seen in LDH activity both in serum and BAL fluid was accompanied by shifts in the isoenzyme pattern in similar directions for both fluids. These findings suggest a pulmonary source for the temporary serum as well as BAL fluid LDH increase.This case indicates the usefulness of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis as a probe to detect pulmonary injury caused by a pneumotoxicant and, probably, to monitor recovery or deterioration. Eur Respir J., 1996Respir J., , 9, 2416 Case report A 30 year old man was transferred to our hospital from a local hospital. Eight hours before admission he had attempted suicide by injecting 10 mL of lamp oil (liquid paraffin) into a vein in his left elbow. On admission, no abnormalities were found. Over the following hours, the patient's respiratory condition deteriorated requiring mechanical ventilation.Chest radiography revealed a diffuse reticulonodular infiltrative process. A bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed 2 days after admission. Simultaneously, blood samples were taken. No bacteria were seen on Gramstained preparations and culture of BAL fluid remained sterile. Further analysis of the BAL fluid revealed an increased number of cells (32×10 4 cells·L -1 ; reference value for nonsmokers 10.3±1.5×10 4 cells·L -1 ), predominantly polymorphonuclear neutrophils (52%; reference value for nonsmokers 1.3±0.2%) [1].Cell-free supernatant from BAL fluid as well as serum were assayed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase activities. Additionally, protein and albumin contents were determined in cell-free BAL fluid and serum. In serum, the total protein and albumin levels were decreased (table 1). LDH activity was increased in serum to 795 U·L -1 (reference range 200-450 U·L -1 ) [2,3], as well as in BAL fluid (115 U·L -1 ; reference range 20-59 U·L -1 ) (table 1). Alkaline phosphatase activity in BAL fluid was high (145 U·L -1 ; reference range 0-25 U·L -1 ), whereas in serum it was within normal limits (table 1). At this moment, all other laboratory tests including liver function tests were normal. Moreover, on cytocentrifuged preparations of the BAL fluid stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) numerous lipid-laden, "foamy" alveolar macrophages were seen.The diagnosis lipoid pneumonia was based on the clinical picture and the cytological analysis of BAL fluid.

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“…The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected by exposing the trachea as per the method described earlier [23], and physiological saline (8 ml, 37˚C) was injected in the lung and lavaged twice. The lavage fluid obtained was centrifuged at 500 × g for 10 min at 4˚C.…”

Section: Collection Of Broncho-alveolar Lavage Fluid and Cytologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Role of Protein Kinase C (PKC) in the Onset of Airway Hypersensitivity in Ova-Sensitized Guinea Pig Model of Asthma

Mishra¹,

Kulshrestha²,

Chhabra³

et al. 2014

OJRD

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Background and Objectives: Protein kinase C (PKC) activation plays an important role in activation of T-lymphocytes in asthma.Airway hypersensitivity is one of the main characteristic features of asthma, the mechanism of onset of which is not clearly understood. Therefore, the objective was to elucidate the role of PKC in etiopathogenesis of airway hypersensitivity in asthma. Methods: Male guinea pigs (n = 30) were sensitized with ovalbumin and day of initial allergen-specific immune response determined by intradermal test, airway hypersensitivity, BALF cytology and lung histopathology. Total PKC activity, PKC isoenzymes and phosphoinositides were assessed in airway smooth muscles (ASM) and peripheral blood lymphocytes. Results: Intradermal test revealed that day 9 was the earliest time of allergen-specific response and onset of airway hypersensitivity to ovalbumin. It was associated with significant increase in total and differential (lymphocytes and eosinophils) BALF counts and grade I peribronchiolar chronic lymphocytic inflammation in lung. On day 14, grade II infiltration of lymphocytes and eosinophils with onset ofstructural remodelingofproximal and distal airways was seen. Total PKC activity, expression of PKCα, PKCε and phosphoinositides increased significantly in ASM and lymphocytes on day 9 and were maximum on day 14. There was no change in PKC-τ expression. Conclusions: Activation of PKC, particularly PKCα and PKCε, mediated signal transduction pathway plays a critical role in lymphocyte infiltration and onset of airway hypersensitivity, airway remodeling and asthma pathophysiology. The present study is the first one on the mechanism of the etiopathogenesis of the disease, which shows a direct evidence of the role of PKC mediated pathway in the initiation and onset of airway hypersensitivity in ovalbumin sensitized guinea pig model.

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Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in macrophages and serum during the development of pulmonary silicosis in the rat

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Usefulness of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes as indicators of lung damage or inflammation

Usefulness of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes as indicators of lung damage or inflammation

BAL fluid LDH activity and LDH isoenzyme pattern in lipoid pneumonia caused by an intravenous injection of lamp oil

Critical Role of Protein Kinase C (PKC) in the Onset of Airway Hypersensitivity in Ova-Sensitized Guinea Pig Model of Asthma

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