Lactate, Respiratory Compensation Thresholds, and Distance Running Performance in Runners of Both Sexes

Iwaoka, K.; Hatta, Hideo; Atomi, Yoriko; Miyashita, Masaki

doi:10.1055/s-2007-1025028

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Research within large population samples has elicited no remarkable gender differences in the intensity (% V Ç O 2max ) corresponding to AerT GE in sedentary adults [50,152]. The same seems to be true in endurance-trained individuals, where no major difference is observed for AnT GE between males and females [58].…”

Section: Application Of the Gas Exchange Thresholds In Cardiopulmonarmentioning

confidence: 81%

A Conceptual Framework for Performance Diagnosis and Training Prescription from Submaximal Gas Exchange Parameters - Theory and Application

et al. 2005

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The first part of this article intends to give an applicable framework for the evaluation of endurance capacity as well as for the derivation of exercise prescription by the use of two gas exchange thresholds: aerobic (AerTGE) and anaerobic (AnTGE). AerT GE corresponds to the first increase in blood lactate during incremental exercise whereas AnTGE approximates the maximal lactate steady state. With very few constraints, they are valid in competitive athletes, sedentary subjects, and patients. In the second part of the paper, the practical application of gas exchange thresholds in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies is described, thereby further validating the 2-threshold model. It is shown that AerTGE and AnTGE can reliably distinguish between different states of endurance capacity and that they can well detect training-induced changes. Factors influencing their relationship to the maximal oxygen uptake are discussed. Finally, some approaches of using gas exchange thresholds for exercise prescription in athletes, healthy subjects, and chronically diseased patients are addressed.

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Section: Application Of the Gas Exchange Thresholds In Cardiopulmonarmentioning

confidence: 81%

A Conceptual Framework for Performance Diagnosis and Training Prescription from Submaximal Gas Exchange Parameters - Theory and Application

et al. 2005

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“…Therefore, respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis appears to occur, depending on the net change of plasma [HC03 ] rather than its absolute level. Exercise above RCT has been shown not to be sustained for a long duration (SIMON et al, 1983), and a strong correlation between the endurance running performance and RCT has been also observed (IwAOKA et al, 1988). The declines of blood pH and Pa~oz are exercise responses observed for work above RCT.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest VO2 attained in this session, 3.11 + 0.04 l • min -' on the average, was taken as the VO2max for the subsequent experiments. The RCT was determined as the work load or VO2 after which there was a marked increase in VE • V~O2 ~' (SIMoN et al, 1983;IwAOKA et al, 1988).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of bicarbonate ingestion on the respiratory compensation threshold and maximal exercise performance.

et al. 1989

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Six males performed cycle ergometer exercise on two occasions in random order. Each exercise was preceded by a 2-h period in which matched capsules were administered orally, containing either starch (C) or NaHC03 (E) in a dose of a 0.2 g • kg-1 body wt; pre-exercise blood pH and [HC03 -] were 7.34±0.01 and 23.7±0.5 mM (mean + S.E.) for the C study, and 7.41±0.01 and 28.6 + 1.3 mM for the E study (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Exercise was continuous and maintained for 10 min at 40 of maximal oxygen uptake (40°c Vo z max)' followed by 15 min at 12W above the respiratory compensation threshold ([+ RCT]) which was determined by the increase of the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (VE V~oz 1), and for as long as possible at 95 % Voz max. Endurance time at 95 % Voz max was significantly longer in E than in C (2.98±0.64 min vs. 2.00 ± 0.44 min, p <0.05). The rate of increase in arterialized venous lactate (LA) was higher in E than in C from rest to exercise at [+ RCT], while there was no significant difference in the hydrogen ions ([H+]). Consequently, [H +] • LA 1 (nM . mM -1) was significantly lower in E than in C. The change of VE V~oz-' was shifted downward in E compared to C during exercise with the lowest value being observed at the same exercise stage. These results suggest that the respiratory responses to exercise are not affected by the higher level of [HC03 -] induced by NaHC03 ingestion, and appear to reflect the net change of plasma During intense exercise, lactic acid is formed and accumulates in the muscle. The decrease of muscle pH is one of the major factors limiting exercise performance (HERMANSEN and OsNES, 1972) by impairing enzyme activities (TRIVEDI and

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“…Within thresholds of the pulmonary gas exchange, the presence of hyperventilation -as evident at the respiratory compensation point (RCP) -is suggested to reflect the onset of a delayed ventilatory mechanism consequent to the stimulatory actions of hydrogen ions (H + ) at H + -sensitive chemoreceptors [19]. It has been demonstrated that RCP can be used to differentiate within fitness levels of healthy subjects [10] and that RCP highly correlate to endurance running performance [15]. Due to pronounced hyperventilation at RCP, often a distinct inflection point is detectable simply in the time course of ventilation [21].…”

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confidence: 98%

Using Thorax Expansion to Detect a Ventilatory Inflection Point in the Field

et al. 2015

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Assessing an individual's physical fitness can usually be achieved through evaluating lactate or ventilatory thresholds. Unfortunately, the detection of ventilatory thresholds still requires uncomfortable mass flow sensors and a laboratory setting. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate a ventilatory inflection point (VIP) derived from thorax expansion as a useful surrogate to assess an individual's physical fitness under field conditions. 348 and 107 ramp tests have been selected respectively to examine validity and retest variability of VIP. The individual anaerobic threshold (IAT) determined by means of blood lactate sampling was used as reliable rationale for evaluation. Calibrated respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) was utilized to derive ventilation from thorax expansion during the ramp test. An automated software routine was applied to detect the VIP. Speed, heart rate and ventilation at the VIP correlated significantly to corresponding values at IAT (r=0.840, 0.876, 0.933). Non-systematic differences between repeated testing ranged within ±1.15 km·h(-1), ±8.74 b·min(-1) and ±12.69 l·min(-1) (±1.96 SD). The timing of VIP is not solely dependent on the aerobic capacity and might instead quantify an individual's physical fitness in terms of the efficiency of the compensative and supportive ventilatory response during increased exercise intensities.

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Lactate, Respiratory Compensation Thresholds, and Distance Running Performance in Runners of Both Sexes

Cited by 34 publications

References 15 publications

A Conceptual Framework for Performance Diagnosis and Training Prescription from Submaximal Gas Exchange Parameters - Theory and Application

A Conceptual Framework for Performance Diagnosis and Training Prescription from Submaximal Gas Exchange Parameters - Theory and Application

Effects of bicarbonate ingestion on the respiratory compensation threshold and maximal exercise performance.

Using Thorax Expansion to Detect a Ventilatory Inflection Point in the Field

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