Lactobacillus delbrueckii Protected Intestinal Integrity, Alleviated Intestinal Oxidative Damage, and Activated Toll-Like Receptor–Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase–Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Pathway in Weaned Piglets Challenged with Lipopolysaccharide

Abstract

Oxidative stress is increasingly being recognized as a player in the pathogenesis of intestinal pathologies, and probiotics are becoming an attractive means of addressing it. The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus delbrueckii (LAB) on intestinal integrity and oxidative damage in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglets. A total of 36 crossbred weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large Yorkshire) were randomly divided into three groups: (1) non-challenged controls (CON), (2) LPS-challenged controls (LPS), and (3) 0.2% LAB (2.01 × 1010 CFU/g) + LPS treatment (LAB + LPS). On the 29th day of the experiment, the LPS and CON groups were injected intraperitoneally with LPS and saline at 100 ug/kg body weight, respectively. The results show that the LPS-induced elevation of the serum diamine oxidase (DAO) level and small intestinal crypt depth (CD) were reversed by the dietary addition of LAB, which also markedly increased the ileal expression of tight junction proteins (occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1) in the LPS-challenged piglets. Furthermore, LAB supplementation normalized other LPS-induced changes, such as by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) in both the serum and intestinal mucosa and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the jejunal mucosa, increasing glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in both the serum and intestinal mucosa, and increasing glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the jejunal mucosa. LAB also activated Toll-like receptor (TLR)–Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk)–nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) signaling pathways in the intestine, suggesting that it plays a vital role in the ameliorative antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets. In summary, LAB increased intestinal integrity by improving the intestinal structure and tight junctions while enhancing antioxidant functions via the activation of the TLR–Btk–Nrf2 signaling pathway.

KDP, a Lactobacilli Product from Kimchi, Enhances Mucosal Immunity by Increasing Secretory IgA in Mice and Exhibits Antimicrobial Activity

“…Our study showed KDP supplementation exhibited a potent antioxidant activity, as indicated by significant inhibitory activity in the range of 16.52-59.39% for DPPH, nitric oxide, maximum total antioxidant capacity, and maximum reducing power. This agrees with the results of several other studies showing that LAB plays a vital role in the ameliorative antioxidant capacity in different models [40][41][42][43]. In addition, several studies have shown that different strains of LAB activate the immune system and subsequently protect the body against bacterial and viral infection [9][10][11][12][13].…”

Circulating Lipopolysaccharides and Impaired Antioxidant Status in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. Data From the ATHERO-AF Study

“…At this regard, experimental studies showed that bovine epithelial cells treated with scalar doses of LPS showed a significant reduction of antioxidant enzymes activity, such as GPx3, SOD and catalase (29). Similarly, a study investigating intestinal oxidative stress in piglets challenged with LPS, showed a decrease of SOD, catalase and GPx activity, which was blunted by probiotic supplementation (30). Furthermore, considering that an agingrelated decline in the activity of GPx enzymes has been previously reported (31,32), it is also conceivable that the oxidative damage related to LPS may be even more evident in elderly patients with a high atherothrombotic burden (33).…”

Ageratina adenophora Disrupts the Intestinal Structure and Immune Barrier Integrity in Rats

“…Therefore, this index is often used in clinical and actual production to reflect the anoxia of intestinal body, intestinal mucosal damage, and intestinal mechanical barrier [ 40 ]. Once the intestinal barrier is disrupted, the intestinal epithelium releases DAO and D-LA into the bloodstream, and these are employed as indicators for intestinal integrity [ 41 , 42 ]. Our results showed that the levels of both DAO and D-LA were elevated in the A. adenophora -treated groups as compared to the control group, and this indicated that A. adenophora could cause destruction of intestinal integrity and epithelial function.…”