Lactobacillus plantarum-derived postbiotics prevent Salmonella-induced neurological dysfunctions by modulating gut–brain axis in mice

Abstract

Postbiotics are the inactive bacteria and/or metabolites of beneficial microbes which have been recently found to be as effective as their live probiotic. This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP)-derived postbiotics on ameliorating Salmonella-induced neurological dysfunctions. Mice were pretreated with LP postbiotics (heat-killed bacteria or the metabolites) or active bacteria, and then challenged with Salmonella enterica Typhimurium (ST). Results showed that LP postbiotics, particularly the metabolites, effectively prevented ST infection in mice, as evidenced by the inhibited weight loss, bacterial translocation, and tissue damages. The LP postbiotics markedly suppressed brain injuries and neuroinflammation (the decreased interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, and the increased IL-4 and IL-10). Behavior tests indicated that LP postbiotics, especially the metabolites, protected mice from ST-induced anxiety and depressive-like behaviors and cognitive impairment. A significant modulation of neuroactive molecules (5-hydroxytryptamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, dopamine, acetylcholine, and neuropeptide Y) was also found by LP postbiotic pretreatment. Microbiome analysis revealed that LP postbiotics optimized the cecal microbial composition by increasing Helicobacter, Lactobacillus and Dubosiella, and decreasing Mucispirillum, norank_f_Oscillospiraceae, and Eubacterium_siraeum_group. Moreover, LP postbiotics inhibited the reduction of short-chain fatty acids caused by ST infection. Pearson's correlation assays further confirmed the strong relationship of LP postbiotics-mediated benefits and gut microbiota. This study highlights the effectiveness of postbiotics and provide a promising strategy for preventing infection-induced brain disorders by targeting gut–brain axis.

Long-term Pu-erh tea consumption improves blue light-induced depression-like behaviors

“…49,50 Dubosiella could play an active role in preventing Salmonella-induced neurological dysfunction. 51 These points are consistent with our correlation analysis, and we speculated that Bifidobacterium increased by Pu-erh tea intake might play a vital role in treating depression. The relative abundance of Alistipes was found to be higher in major depressive disorder, 52 and Alistipes has previously been shown to be associated with stress in mice.…”

Gut microbiota and its metabolites in depression: from pathogenesis to treatment

“…Studies have reported that pretreatment with heat-killed probiotic L. plantarum -derived postbiotics, particularly their metabolites, protected mice from Salmonella -induced depressive-like behavior by modulating the gut-brain axis. 115 Some bacterial metabolites such as SCFAs and BAs act as postbiotics. Oral treatment with sodium butyrate restored paclitaxel-induced alterations in microbiota composition and gut barrier integrity and relieved depressive-like behaviors in mice.…”

Gut microbial evidence chain in high-salt diet exacerbates intestinal aging process

“…In this work, a machine learning model for intestinal aging was constructed and verified based on the significantly different genera in HS induced mice, which indicates the 11 microbiota genera with relative abundance difference are of potential diagnostic value in HS-related intestinal aging. Similar to earlier research, our study alos completed the model based on gut microbiota for the first time to evaluate the status of intestinal aging induced by excessive salt (32,33). Aging is determined by complex interactions among genetic and environmental factors.…”

“…Moreover, Eubacterium_siraeum_group and NK4A214_group were considerably negatively connected with the cAMP signaling pathway but strongly favorably correlated with all other signaling pathways, which reveal Eubacterium_siraeum_group and NK4A214_group may be the core bacteria in HS related aging. Decreasing Eubacterium_siraeum_group has been found in Lactobacillus plantarum (LP)-derived postbiotics on ameliorating Salmonella -related neurological dysfunctions ( 34 ). trans-anethole impaired intestinal barrier and intestinal inflammation was also found associated with NK4A214_group ( 35 ).…”