Lactobacillus plantarum HFY05 Attenuates Carrageenan-Induced Thrombosis in Mice by Regulating NF-κB Pathway-Associated Inflammatory Responses

Abstract

In this study, a carrageenan-induced thrombus model was established in mice to observe the ability of Lactobacillus plantarum KFY05 (LP-KFY05) to inhibit thrombosis through an NF-κB-associated pathway. Biochemical analysis, microscopical observations, quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qPCR) and western blot analysis were used to examine relevant serum and tissue indexes, and the composition of intestinal microorganisms was determined by examining the abundance of microorganisms in feces. The results showed that LP-KFY05 could markedly reduce the degree of black tail in thrombotic mice; increase the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT); and decrease the thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (FIB) level, and prothrombin time (PT). LP-KFY05 could also reduce tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels in sera and renal tissues of thrombotic mice. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that LP-KFY05 could alleviate renal tissue lesions and tail vein thrombosis. qPCR results showed that LP-KFY05 could down-regulate nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65, IL-6, TNF-α, and interferon γ (IFN-γ) mRNA expression in renal tissues, as well as NF-κB p65, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin mRNA expression in tail vein vascular tissues of thrombotic mice. Western blot analysis showed that LP-KFY05 also down-regulated NF-κB protein expression in renal and tail vein vascular tissues of thrombotic mice. Lastly, LP-KFY05 increased the abundances of Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium, as well as decreased the abundance of Firmicutes. These results show that LP-KFY05 can reduce inflammation and inhibit thrombosis in thrombotic mice, and the effects of high concentrations of LP-KFY05 were most pronounced, which were similar to the effects of dipyridamole.

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“…Carrageenan is a sulphate-containing polysaccharide substance extracted from seaweed, which is a potent inflammatory substance. 54 After intraperitoneal injection into mice, it induces intravascular inflammation and the release of large amounts of inflammatory mediators, which disrupts the dynamic balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis, and ultimately induces thrombus formation. As shown in Fig.…”

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A Novel Polysaccharide from AuriculariaAuricula Alleviates Thrombosis Induced by Carrageenan in Mice

“…Mouse blood was collected 2 h after injection with carrageenan. First, 250 μL of plasma supernatant from each group was used to prepare platelet-poor plasma [ 1 ]. Then, APTT, PT, TT and FIB were determined using the corresponding assay kits strictly according to the manufacturer’s instructions.…”

“…Cardiovascular diseases have become a critical threat to human health due to the improvement of living standards and changes of dietary patterns in recent years [ 1 ]. Thrombosis, the formation of thrombus in a blood vessel, is a main cause of cardiovascular diseases, which influence its occurrence and progression [ 2 ].…”