Lactone-layered double hydroxide networks: Towards self-assembled bioscaffolds

Abstract

This paper describes the conversion of a layered anionic initiator (carbonate-intercalated layered double hydroxide, (LDH-carbonate)) into a self-assembled resin-embedded network during the insitu polymerisation of one or more lactone monomers using the LDH-carbonate as the sole initiator. Uniquely in this paper, no long-chain acid intercalant is present in the LDH-carbonate to act as an additional initiator species, and this is the first known report of a copolymerisation of X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to verify the morphology of the insoluble phases. This demonstrates that the molecular sheets of the LDH-carbonate are fully dismantled during the polymerization. Porous, network morphology is established for some of the insoluble phase structures using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This indicates potential suitability of these self-assembled insoluble phase materials as bioscaffolds for artificial cell growth. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR) was used to determine the ratio of ester to acidic carbonyls in the insoluble phase. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was also used to determine the ratio of magnesium to aluminium in the insoluble phases.

Capturing Free-Radical Polymerization by SynergeticAb InitioCalculations and Topological Reactive Molecular Dynamics

“…These methods often exploit light-induced photopolymerization where, for instance, photosensitive resins cured by a light source (often a UV light source) are used to prime and support the polymerization. Light-induced polymerization is also widely employed in a vast range of modern technological applications, ranging from coatings , to lithographic processes and the fabrication of bioscaffolds. − This technology has gained much popularity over alternative methods (such as thermally induced polymerization) due to its reasonable cost, high accuracy and spatial control of the curing process, and improved sustainability, due to the lower use of volatile organic components.…”

Novel lactone‐layered double hydroxide ionomer powders for bone tissue repair

“…LC INSOL, a lactone copolymer network (PN) with fewer carboxylic units per monomer than poly(lactic acid) was synthesized according to the method described in Zhou et al (2018). This copolymer PN was subjected to immersion in the culture medium described above.…”

“…The lactone PN LC INSOL was selected from nine other PNs synthesized in a previous study (Zhou, McCarthy, Soutis, & Cartmell, 2018) as the optimal one for use in osteogenesis due to its high polymer mass yield and high magnesium content; a schematic of the LC INSOL preparation process is given in Figure 1 (Zhou et al, 2018). This comprised the polymerization of a mixture of monomer(s) plus LDH followed by dissolution of the product in methylene chloride.…”

Artificial Biosystems by Printing Biology

“…These assemblies permit also to shed light on the role of the prebiotic organization of key structural building blocks before the presence of membrane-separated systems; [27] in particular, it has been crucial the role of clays and layered double hydroxides [28][29][30] in the molecular origin of life on Earth, and also on the role of liquid/liquid phase separation in the complex organization via the condensation of the molecular machineries inside eukaryotic cells leading to membranelless organelles. [31][32][33] By increasing complexity, bottom-up synthetic biology develops artificial compartments enclosed by nanoscopic membranes including assemblies enclosed by lipidic or polymeric membranes (liposomes [34] and polymersomes [35] , respectively), oil-in-water [36][37][38][39] and water-inoil [40] emulsions stabilized by amphiphilic membranes, inorganic nanoparticles (colloidosomes [41,42] ) or protein-polymer capsules (proteinosomes [43,44] ).…”