Ladybird-induced life–history changes in aphids

Dixon, A. F. G.; Agarwala, B. K.

doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0814

Cited by 151 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…15 and references therein). However, although transgenerational wing formation has been observed in other aphid species (9,16,36), our experiments do not provide evidence of this effect in M. persicae. Predator-triggered transgenerational alate formation is a clone-specific response in other aphid species (9).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…Under certain environmental circumstances, the need for aphid alarm pheromone is likely to be minimal. For instance, reduced predation risk caused by ant tending can lead to reduced EBF responsiveness in aphids (16,33). M. persicae is not tended by ants, but there may be other environmental conditions that affect EBF-responsiveness within this species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15), and the presence of natural enemies (16,17). Treatment of early-instar A. pisum larvae with EBF results in wing formation in the next generation (18, 19), but it requires additional stimuli such as crowding.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alarm pheromone habituation in Myzus persicae has fitness consequences and causes extensive gene expression changes

Vos

Cheng

Summers

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In most aphid species, facultative parthenogenetic reproduction allows rapid growth and formation of large single-genotype colonies. Upon predator attack, individual aphids emit an alarm pheromone to warn the colony of this danger. (E)-β-farnesene (EBF) is the predominant constituent of the alarm pheromone in Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) and many other aphid species. Continuous exposure to alarm pheromone in aphid colonies raised on transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants that produce EBF leads to habituation within three generations. Whereas naive aphids are repelled by EBF, habituated aphids show no avoidance response. Similarly, individual aphids from the habituated colony can revert back to being EBF-sensitive in three generations, indicating that this behavioral change is not caused by a genetic mutation. Instead, DNA microarray experiments comparing gene expression in naive and habituated aphids treated with EBF demonstrate an almost complete desensitization in the transcriptional response to EBF. Furthermore, EBF-habituated aphids show increased progeny production relative to EBF-responsive aphids, with or without EBF treatment. Although both naive and habituated aphids emit EBF upon damage, EBF-responsive aphids have a higher survival rate in the presence of a coccinellid predator (Hippodamia convergens), and thus outperform habituated aphids that do not show an avoidance response. These results provide evidence that aphid perception of conspecific alarm pheromone aids in predator avoidance and thereby bestows fitness benefits in survivorship and fecundity. Therefore, although habituated M. persicae produce more progeny, EBF-emitting transgenic plants may have practical applications in agriculture as a result of increased predation of habituated aphids.aphid | (E)-beta-farnesene | Hippodamia convergens | microarray | sesquiterpene R apid population growth of aphids is facilitated by their parthenogenetic lifestyle, which often results in the establishment of large single-genotype colonies in the field. In agricultural settings, aphid populations can be controlled with natural enemies such as coccinellid beetles and parasitoid wasps. Despite the effectiveness of biological control, behavioral responses to the threat of predation may allow aphids to persist as pests. Aphid avoidance of predators involves the production of an alarm pheromone. Across a remarkable diversity of aphids, the alarm pheromone contains a mixture of compounds with (E)-β-Farnesene (EBF) as the predominant component (1-3). Detection of EBF results in an array of aphid escape behaviors that, depending on the species and developmental stage, can include flying, walking away, and dropping off the plant.EBF is a volatile sesquiterpene released from cornicles on the aphid's abdomen (4). When an aphid is attacked, it can release EBF in a range of concentrations, depending on the stress that is encountered, as well as the specific species, lineage, and developmental stage of the aphid itself (5-10). EBF-treated Acyrthosiphon pisum do no...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alarm pheromone habituation in Myzus persicae has fitness consequences and causes extensive gene expression changes

Vos

Cheng

Summers

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…In contrast, the mere presence of particular natural enemies may elicit an increase in winged morph production in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Dixon and Agarwala, 1999;Weisser et al, 1999;Sloggett and Weisser, 2002;Kunert and Weisser, 2003) (parasitization may also directly affect wing development, see below). The induction of winged morphs seems to result from increased tactile stimulation triggered by either predator avoidance behavior or from the release of aphid alarm pheromone .…”

Section: Interspecific Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wing dimorphism in aphids

et al. 2006

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Many species of insects display dispersing and nondispersing morphs. Among these, aphids are one of the best examples of taxa that have evolved specialized morphs for dispersal versus reproduction. The dispersing morphs typically possess a full set of wings as well as a sensory and reproductive physiology that is adapted to flight and reproducing in a new location. In contrast, the nondispersing morphs are wingless and show adaptations to maximize fecundity. In this review, we provide an overview of the major features of the aphid wing dimorphism. We first provide a description of the dimorphism and an overview of its phylogenetic distribution. We then review what is known about the mechanisms underlying the dimorphism and end by discussing its evolutionary aspects.

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“…Predatory ladybirds (Coccinella septempunctata and Adalia bipunctata) induce a shift from unwinged to winged morphs in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Dixon and Agarwala 1999;Weisser et al 1999). The winged morph is produced in response to adverse environmental conditions (Dixon 1998), but may also facilitate escape from predation, because ladybirds do not eradicate aphid populations in one aphid generation, and neither in one ladybird generation.…”

Section: When Can Diapause Induction Lead To Escape From Predation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diapause incidence in the two-spotted spider mite increases due to predator presence, not due to selective predation

et al. 2005

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Diapause incidence in the two-spotted spider mite increases due to predator presence, not due to selective predation. Kroon, A.; Veenendaal, R.L.; Egas, C.J.M.; Bruin, J.; Sabelis, M.W. (2005). Diapause incidence in the twospotted spider mite increases due to predator presence, not due to selective predation. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 35, 73-81. DOI: 10.1007/s10493-004-1980-x General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Abstract. We recently reported evidence for increased diapause incidence in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae in presence of the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri. This effect may arise from (1) selective predation on non-diapause spider mites, (2) predator-induced diapause in spider mites, or (3) both. Using a different strain of T. urticae, we first recovered increased diapause incidence in association with predators. Then, we tested for selective feeding in two-choice experiments with equal numbers of non-diapause and diapause spider mites. We found that the predatory mite had a significant preference for the latter. This indicates that increased diapause incidence in association with predatory mites is not due to selective predation. Therefore, predator-mediated physiological induction of diapause seems a more likely explanation. The cues leading to induction appear to relate to the predators, not their effects, since predation simulated by spider-mite removal or puncturing did not significantly affect diapause incidence. Why spider mites benefit from this response, remains an open question. IntroductionIn a previous study we demonstrated that the physical presence of the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten significantly enhanced diapause induction in a Greek strain of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Kroon et al. 2004). The proportion of diapause spider mites at long-night photoperiods and 18°C increased by more than 50% in the presence of predatory mites. This higher incidence of diapause could be explained in two ways: either the predators physiologically induce diapause among the surviving female spider mites, or the predators selectively feed on spider mites that do not enter diapause.Using a Dutch strain of spider mites, we test the effect of predators on diapause incidence again, and to what extent th...

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Ladybird-induced life–history changes in aphids

Cited by 151 publications

References 18 publications

Alarm pheromone habituation in Myzus persicae has fitness consequences and causes extensive gene expression changes

Alarm pheromone habituation in Myzus persicae has fitness consequences and causes extensive gene expression changes

Wing dimorphism in aphids

Diapause incidence in the two-spotted spider mite increases due to predator presence, not due to selective predation

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