LaeA and VeA are involved in growth morphology, asexual development, and mycotoxin production in Alternaria alternata

Estiarte, N.; Lawrence, Christopher B.; Sanchis, Vicente; Ramos, Ana M. González; Crespo-Sempere, A.

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.09.003

Cited by 48 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Global regulators affect the expression of a wide array of clusters in response to external or internal stimuli in Pezizomycotina. The best‐studied global regulators are transcription factors from the Velvet complex (Sarikaya Bayram et al ., ; Yin & Keller, ; Bayram & Braus, ; López‐Berges et al ., ; Lan et al ., ; Schumacher et al ., ; Estiarte et al ., ; Akhberdi et al ., ). Velvet complex proteins are present across all groups of fungi, but their role in regulating secondary metabolism has barely been studied outside Pezizomycotina (Bayram & Braus, ; Todd et al ., ).…”

Section: Metabolic Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Velvet complex is also important for sexual development in both Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. External factors include nutrient availability, light, pH or injury, while internal factors refer to specific cell types, senescence or the sexual cycle (Bok & Keller, ; Yin & Keller, ; Brakhage, ; Estiarte et al ., ; Keller, ). These regulators allow the fungus to coordinate the cost‐effective production of secondary metabolites under specific conditions, and in a coordinated manner.…”

Section: Metabolic Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal evolution: cellular, genomic and metabolic complexity

Naranjo‐Ortiz

Gabaldón

2020

Biological Reviews

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The question of how phenotypic and genomic complexity are inter‐related and how they are shaped through evolution is a central question in biology that historically has been approached from the perspective of animals and plants. In recent years, however, fungi have emerged as a promising alternative system to address such questions. Key to their ecological success, fungi present a broad and diverse range of phenotypic traits. Fungal cells can adopt many different shapes, often within a single species, providing them with great adaptive potential. Fungal cellular organizations span from unicellular forms to complex, macroscopic multicellularity, with multiple transitions to higher or lower levels of cellular complexity occurring throughout the evolutionary history of fungi. Similarly, fungal genomes are very diverse in their architecture. Deep changes in genome organization can occur very quickly, and these phenomena are known to mediate rapid adaptations to environmental changes. Finally, the biochemical complexity of fungi is huge, particularly with regard to their secondary metabolites, chemical products that mediate many aspects of fungal biology, including ecological interactions. Herein, we explore how the interplay of these cellular, genomic and metabolic traits mediates the emergence of complex phenotypes, and how this complexity is shaped throughout the evolutionary history of Fungi.

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Section: Metabolic Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metabolic Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal evolution: cellular, genomic and metabolic complexity

Naranjo‐Ortiz

Gabaldón

2020

Biological Reviews

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“…In the brown module, CmDTX30 and CmDTX32 were highly upregulated at 24 or 36 h after inoculation, which indicated that some MATE family genes respond to A. alternata infection in the late stage. Alternaria alternata is a filamentous necrotrophic fungus that extracts nutrients from dead cells and produces different host-selective toxins that damage plant tissues 54,55 ; seven pathogenic variants of A. alternata have been identified, which can cause disease in a variety of plants by producing host-specific toxins 2 . Based on the above studies, we speculate that Chrysanthemum leaves may transport toxins out of cells through multidrug resistance proteins, thereby reducing damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A temporal gene expression map of Chrysanthemum leaves infected with Alternaria alternata reveals different stages of defense mechanisms

et al. 2020

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Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) black spot disease (CBS) poses a major threat to Chrysanthemum cultivation owing to suitable climate conditions and current lack of resistant cultivars for greenhouse cultivation. In this study, we identified a number of genes that respond to Alternaria alternata infection in resistant and susceptible Chrysanthemum cultivars. Based on RNA sequencing technology and a weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), we constructed a model to elucidate the response of Chrysanthemum leaves to A. alternata infection at different stages and compared the mapped response of the resistant cultivar 'Jinba' to that of the susceptible cultivar 'Zaoyihong'. In the early stage of infection, when lesions had not yet formed, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA) and EDS1-mediated resistance played important roles in the Chrysanthemum defense system. With the formation of necrotic lesions, ethylene (ET) metabolism and the Ca 2+ signal transduction pathway strongly responded to A. alternata infection. During the late stage, when necrotic lesions continued to expand, members of the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) gene family were highly expressed, and their products may be involved in defense against A. alternata invasion by exporting toxins produced by the pathogen, which plays important roles in the pathogenicity of A. alternata. Furthermore, the function of hub genes was verified by qPCR and transgenic assays. The identification of hub genes at different stages, the comparison of hub genes between the two cultivars and the highly expressed genes in the resistant cultivar 'Jinba' provide a theoretical basis for breeding cultivars resistant to CBS.

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“…Of the 26 fungal species isolated, 17 or 65.38% of them were potentially pathogenic to humans. This included Alternaria alternata, which is found in dates and can cause allergies (19) . Onychomycosis is documented to result from Aspergillus sydowii and Ulocladium botrytis (20,21) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Keratinophilic Fungal Species and Other Non-Dermatophytes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Alwakeel¹

2018

Preprint

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Background: The presence of fungal species on the surface skin and hair is a known finding in many mammalian species and humans are no exception. Superficial fungal infections are sometimes a chronic and recurring condition that affects approximately 10-20% of the world's population. However, most species that are isolated from humans tend to occur as co-existing flora. This study was conducted to determine the diversity of fungal species isolated from the hair and nails of workers in the central region of Saudi Arabia where there are not many observational studies on the mycological species. Materials and Methods: Male workers from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were recruited for this study and samples were obtained from their nails and hair for mycological analysis which was done using Saboraud's agar and sterile wet soil. Fungal isolates were examined microscopically. Results: Twenty four hair samples yielded a total of 26 species from 19 fungal genera. Chaetomiumglobosum was the most commonly isolated fungal species followed by Emericellanidulans, Cochliobolusneergaardii and Penicilliumoxalicum. Three fungal species were isolated from nail samples, namely, Alternariaalternata, Aureobasidiumpullulans, and Penicilliumchrysogenum. Most of the isolated fungal species (17 of the 26 or 65.38% of the isolated fungal species) have not been thoroughly characterised nor morphologically classified. Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted:Conclusion: This study demonstrates the presence of previously undiscribed fungal species that contribute to the normal flora of the skin and its appendages and may have a role in their pathogenies.

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LaeA and VeA are involved in growth morphology, asexual development, and mycotoxin production in Alternaria alternata

Cited by 48 publications

References 63 publications

Fungal evolution: cellular, genomic and metabolic complexity

Fungal evolution: cellular, genomic and metabolic complexity

A temporal gene expression map of Chrysanthemum leaves infected with Alternaria alternata reveals different stages of defense mechanisms

Characterization of Keratinophilic Fungal Species and Other Non-Dermatophytes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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