“…In particular, if such models comprise the production stage also integrated production distribution planning -or Strategie supply chain management -is the topic; see, e.g., Chandra and Fisher (1994), Pooley (1994) and Erengüg et al (1999). Two-level (hierarchical) capacitated facility location models can be found in , , ), Pirkuland Jayaraman (1996, Tragantalerngsak et al (1997), Aardal (1998), Chardaire (1999), Marin and Pelegrm (1999) and ; uncapacitated, hierarchi cal facility location models are discussed in Tcha and Lee (1984), Barros and Labbe (1992), Barros (1998), Robinson, Jr. (1992, 1994), Aardal et al (1996), Chardaire (1999) and Chardaire et al (1999).…”