Laminar/turbulent airflow and microsphere deposition in a patient-specific airway geometry using an open-source solver

Vaish, Mayank; Kleinstreuer, Clement; Kolanjiyil, Arun V.; Saini, Nadish; Pillalamarri, Narasimha Rao

doi:10.1504/ijbet.2016.079145

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Correct prediction of particle deposition in the patient interface required an accurate spatial distribution for particle injection into the domain, which matched the outlet diameter of the mixer-heater device. In addition to previous work from our group and others, (37,38) Tables 3-5 show how the NW corrections address the overprediction of microparticle deposition that is present with the standard two-equation turbulent dispersion model, and gives the closest match to experimental data for all turbulent cases considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

High-Efficiency Nose-to-Lung Aerosol Delivery in an Infant: Development of a Validated Computational Fluid Dynamics Method

Bass

Boc

Hindle

et al. 2019

Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery

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Background: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) provides a powerful tool for developing new high-efficiency aerosol delivery strategies, such as nose-to-lung (N2L) aerosol administration to infants and children using correctly sized aerosols. The objective of this study was to establish numerically efficient CFD solution methods and guidelines for simulating N2L aerosol administration to an infant based on comparisons with concurrent in vitro experiments. Materials and Methods: N2L administration of a micrometer-sized aerosol (mass median aerodynamic diameter [MMAD] ¼ 1.4 lm) was evaluated using concurrent CFD simulations and in vitro experiments. Aerosol transport and deposition was assessed in a new nasal airway geometry of a 6-month-old infant with a streamlined nasal cannula interface, which was constructed as a CFD mesh and three-dimensionally printed to form an identical physical prototype. CFD meshes explored were a conventional tetrahedral approach with nearwall (NW) prism elements and a new polyhedral mesh style with an equally refined NW layer. The presence of turbulence in the model was evaluated using a highly efficient low-Reynolds number (LRN) k-x turbulence model, with previously established NW corrections that accounted for anisotropic wall-normal turbulence as well as improved NW velocity interpolations and hydrodynamic particle damping. Results: Use of the new polyhedral mesh was found to improve numerical efficiency by providing more rapid convergence and requiring fewer control volumes. Turbulent flow was found in the nasal geometry, generated by the inlet jets from the nasal cannula interface. However, due to the small particle size, turbulent dispersion was shown to have little effect on deposition. Good agreement was established between the CFD predictions using the numerically efficient LRN k-x model with appropriate NW corrections and in vitro deposition data. Aerosol transmission efficiencies through the delivery tube, nasal cannula, and infant nasal model, based on experimental and CFD predictions, were 93.0% and 91.5%, respectively. Conclusions: A numerically efficient CFD approach was established to develop transnasal aerosol administration to infants and children. Small particle aerosols with aerodynamic diameters of *1.5 lm were confirmed to have low inertial depositional loss, and have low deposition from turbulent dispersion, making them ideal for high-efficiency lung delivery through an infant nasal cannula interface.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

High-Efficiency Nose-to-Lung Aerosol Delivery in an Infant: Development of a Validated Computational Fluid Dynamics Method

Bass

Boc

Hindle

et al. 2019

Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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LES study on the impact of airway deformation on the airflow structures in the idealized mouth–throat model

Wang

Liang

et al. 2021

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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To investigate the impacts of upper airway deformation on the airflow structures, the airflow fields in the trachea are simulated using three geometrical models considering three different levels of airway deformations. Structured grids are used to create the high-quality grids. Large eddy simulation with the Smagorinsky sub-grid model is adopted to solve the three-dimensional in-compressible Navier–Stokes equations using the solver pisoFoam in the open-source CFD software OpenFOAM. The numerical results demonstrate that the airway deformation influences the main airflow structures depending on the deformation level. Particularly, it slightly impacts on the laryngeal jet such as the profile and the strength of laryngeal jet. The strength of the laryngeal jet increases slightly for the heavy deformation. In contrast, it impacts on the recirculation zone, secondary vortices, and turbulent kinetic energy more obviously. The increasing airway deformation will produce stronger secondary flow, smaller recirculation zone, and weaker turbulent kinetic energy. The turbulence intensity distribution varies as well. The obviously impacted flow region is mainly within the region of one to six tracheal diameters downstream the glottis.

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Helical fluid-particle flow dynamics for controlling micron-particle deposition in a representative human upper lung-airway model

Gurumurthy

Kleinstreuer

2021

Journal of Aerosol Science

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Laminar/turbulent airflow and microsphere deposition in a patient-specific airway geometry using an open-source solver

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

High-Efficiency Nose-to-Lung Aerosol Delivery in an Infant: Development of a Validated Computational Fluid Dynamics Method

High-Efficiency Nose-to-Lung Aerosol Delivery in an Infant: Development of a Validated Computational Fluid Dynamics Method

LES study on the impact of airway deformation on the airflow structures in the idealized mouth–throat model

Helical fluid-particle flow dynamics for controlling micron-particle deposition in a representative human upper lung-airway model

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