Laminarin Quantification in Microalgae with Enzymes from Marine Microbes

Becker, Stefan; Hehemann, Jan Hendrik

doi:10.21769/bioprotoc.2666

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In comparison, a doubled DP 44 does not change the calculation factor significantly. We previously tested whether the molecular weight of laminarin makes a difference by using laminarins with different molecular weight and degree of branching from Eisenia bicyclis and Laminaria digitata for calibration and found almost identical calibration curves with the biocatalytic assay (17,18).…”

Section: Hmw-dom Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data for each of these cruises and the time series are presented in SI Appendix, Table S1 and Dataset S2. The laminarin quantification method was based on specific enzyme hydrolysis and previously developed and validated (17,18). In the present study, it was further validated versus the classic acid hydrolysis method (SI Appendix, Fig.…”

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confidence: 92%

“…specificity, we have recently developed a biocatalytic assay based on enzymes that selectively recognizes the glycan, such as laminarin, in marine organic matter (SI Appendix, Fig. S2) (16)(17)(18). Laminarin is a highly water soluble, branched polysaccharide made of a linear β-(1→3)-linked glucose-based chain with an average degree of polymerization (DP) of ∼20 to 30.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A β-(1→3)specific exo-glucosidase of family GH3 can further cleave the remaining oligosaccharides into glucose. The reaction products (i.e., glucose and remaining oligosaccharides) are readily measurable and proportional to the amount of laminarin in the sample (17,18).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Laminarin is a major molecule in the marine carbon cycle

Becker

Tebben

Coffinet

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Marine microalgae sequester as much CO 2 into carbohydrates as terrestrial plants. Polymeric carbohydrates (i.e., glycans) provide carbon for heterotrophic organisms and constitute a carbon sink in the global oceans. The quantitative contributions of different algal glycans to cycling and sequestration of carbon remain unknown, partly because of the analytical challenge to quantify glycans in complex biological matrices. Here, we quantified a glycan structural type using a recently developed biocatalytic strategy, which involves laminarinase enzymes that specifically cleave the algal glycan laminarin into readily analyzable fragments. We measured laminarin along transects in the Arctic, Atlantic, and Pacific oceans and during three time series in the North Sea. These data revealed a median of 26 ± 17% laminarin within the particulate organic carbon pool. The observed correlation between chlorophyll and laminarin suggests an annual production of algal laminarin of 12 ± 8 gigatons: that is, approximately three times the annual atmospheric carbon dioxide increase by fossil fuel burning. Moreover, our data revealed that laminarin accounted for up to 50% of organic carbon in sinking diatom-containing particles, thus substantially contributing to carbon export from surface waters. Spatially and temporally variable laminarin concentrations in the sunlit ocean are driven by light availability. Collectively, these observations highlight the prominent ecological role and biogeochemical function of laminarin in oceanic carbon export and energy flow to higher trophic levels.carbon cycle | laminarin | diatoms | glycans | diel cycle

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Section: Hmw-dom Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 92%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Laminarin is a major molecule in the marine carbon cycle

Becker

Tebben

Coffinet

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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158

149

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“…In fact, it is estimated that each year more than 150 billion tons of polysaccharides are produced naturally, with only about 1% of this amount being consumed by humans. ,, Polysaccharides, such as chitosan, alginate, and laminarin, are among the most abundant macromolecules synthesized in marine organisms. Despite its abundance, laminarin (LAM–OH) has received very little attention, limited to biomedical purposes as a result of its distinct therapeutic functions such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumoral, and anticoagulant activities. − LAM–OH is a low-molecular-weight branched polysaccharide mainly used as an energy storage glucan in brown algae. , Its structure is composed of glucose units linked by β(1,3) glycosidic bonds as well as by some β(1,6) side-chain branches, which are responsible for its low viscosity, nontoxicity, and high solubility in aqueous and, unusually for polysaccharides, organic solvents. ,, Furthermore, this natural-origin material is easily degraded into glucose units or oligosaccharide structures by the action of enzymes, some of which are present in the soil or in the oceans. ,, Such a biodegradability profile is of utmost importance for the end-of-life fate of this sustainable polymer and hence to minimize its effect on existing plastic waste issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modular Functionalization of Laminarin to Create Value-Added Naturally Derived Macromolecules

et al. 2020

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With society's growing awareness of climate change, novel renewable and naturally sourced materials have received increasing attention as substitutes for petroleum-based products. Laminarin (LAM−OH) is a highly abundant, nontoxic, degradable polysaccharide found in marine organisms and hence is a promising sustainable polymeric candidate. This work reports on a simple, environmentally friendly, and customizable functionalization strategy for producing a toolbox of LAM−OH derivatives under mild conditions. Herein, natural-origin macromolecules exhibiting specific chemical moieties, namely, allyl, amine, carboxylic acid, thiol, aldehyde, and catechol, were prepared and chemically characterized. Furthermore, the obtained polymers were processed into cytocompatible hydrogels, obtained by employing distinct cross-linking mechanisms, to assess their potential for biomedical purposes. The application scope of such polymers could be extended to fields such as catalysis, cosmetics, life sciences, and food packaging, which can also benefit from having sustainable, nontoxic, and degradable materials. Moreover, it is anticipated that the methodology employed to create this library of new natural-based products could be adapted to modify other polysaccharides and biopolymers in general.

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