Laminin Receptor-Avid Nanotherapeutic EGCg-AuNPs as a Potential Alternative Therapeutic Approach to Prevent Restenosis

Abstract

In our efforts to develop new approaches to treat and prevent human vascular diseases, we report herein our results on the proliferation and migration of human smooth muscles cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) using epigallocatechin-3-gallate conjugated gold nanoparticles (EGCg-AuNPs) as possible alternatives to drug coated stents. Detailed in vitro stability studies of EGCg-AuNPs in various biological fluids, affinity and selectivity towards SMCs and ECs have been investigated. The EGCg-AuNPs showed selective inhibitory efficacy toward the migration of SMCs. However, the endothelial cells remained unaffected under similar experimental conditions. The cellular internalization studies have indicated that EGCg-AuNPs internalize into the SMCs and ECs within short periods of time through laminin receptor mediated endocytosis mode. Favorable toxicity profiles and selective affinity toward SMCs and ECs suggest that EGCg-AuNPs may provide attractive alternatives to drug coated stents and therefore offer new therapeutic approaches in treating cardiovascular diseases.

Naked physically synthesized gold nanoparticles affect migration, mitochondrial activity, and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells

“…31 Some studies have shown that functional AuNPs conjugated with ginkgolide A can reduce VSMC proliferation and migration in vitro and neointimal hyperplasia in a mouse model, 16 and the use of epigallocatechin-3-gallate-conjugated AuNPs is considered a potential alternative approach to prevent restenosis. 32 However, the effects of naked AuNPs on the behaviors of VSMCs have been less commonly investigated. In this study, we compared four types of AuNPs, including one set of pAuNPs and three sets of cAuNPs.…”

Preparation, Characterization, Cytotoxicity and Biological Evaluation of ^99mTc-Doxorubicin-Epigallocatechingallate Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as a New Generation of Theranostic Radiopharmaceutical

“…Two separate solutions were prepared by dissolving 10mg of EGCG in10 mL of absolute ethanol (Solution A) and dissolving 10 mg of sodium tetrachloroaurate dehydrate in 10mL of double-distilled water (solution B). We choose EGCG due to its dual action as a reducing and also as a stabilizing agent in addition to its inherent property as an anticancer agent [23,[48][49][50]. Gold nanoparticles were prepared by drop wise addition of different volumes of solution B to different volumes of solution A in a 10 mL vial placed on a magnetic hot plate with stirring for about 15 min until a ruby red color appeared.…”

“…Katti et. al. have demonstrated the extraordinary electron injection capability of EGCG to transform gold into gold nanoparticles, through innovative green nanotechnology, with concomitant encapsulation of tumor-avid phytochemical on the surface [22][23][24][25][26].…”

<p>New Approaches in Breast Cancer Therapy Through Green Nanotechnology and Nano-Ayurvedic Medicine – Pre-Clinical and Pilot Human Clinical Investigations</p>

“…As part of our continued quest to develop scientific rationale for Ayurvedic medicine, we have been researching, for over two decades, on the application of green nanotechnology to develop universally acceptable Ayurvedic formulations. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Green nanotechnology allows the production and efficient encapsulation of Ayurvedic-relevant phytochemicals on gold nanoparticles. Our long-standing scientific efforts, with a focus on gold nanoparticles, are based on the rationale that in Ayurvedic medicine, gold metal is ubiquitously used in combination with phytochemicals from various herbs including cinnamon, clove, gooseberry, grape, mango, turmeric and a host of herbs.…”

“…Our long-standing scientific efforts, with a focus on gold nanoparticles, are based on the rationale that in Ayurvedic medicine, gold metal is ubiquitously used in combination with phytochemicals from various herbs including cinnamon, clove, gooseberry, grape, mango, turmeric and a host of herbs. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Our efforts, serendipitously, led to a series of discoveries confirming that the phytochemicals used in Ayurvedic medicines are indeed electron-rich antioxidants and that the interaction of gold metallic precursors with phytochemically-harnessed electrons produced herb/ phytochemicals-encapsulated, well-defined, gold nanoparticles. The large surface area of gold nanoparticles embedded with atomically active nano surface motif allowed highly efficient encapsulation of phytochemical-(s)thus paving, for the first time, an innovative green nanotechnology route providing reproducible and scientifically verifiable Nano-Ayurvedic formulations.…”