Land market in Hungary

Abstract

Abstract:In Hungary, after the political and economical transition period of the nineties, the transformation of agriculture, the privatisation and the partial compensation brought about fundamental change in the land ownership structure. Recently, the private ownership of land has become dominant. As a result of the land compensation and the restoration of individual shares of the co-operatives members, unfavourable farm structures were established in a great number of cases; and consequently the redistribution of land property has become indispensable. The revival of the market is hold up, on one hand, by the present legislation of land acquisition (by Hungarian legal entities and foreigners) and, on the other hand, by the repugnance of the land acquisition of foreigners by a great number of people. The political risks, the EU accession and the changes to be expected concerning the EU subsidy schemes might also affect the land market in the long-term.Key words: transformation of agriculture, agricultural land, land ownership, land use, co-operative, state ownership, private property, Act on Land, land acquisition, land lease, the National Land Fund, market of agricultural land, land price, mortgage Abstrakt: Po období politické a ekonomické transformace v Maïarsku na zaèátku 90. let s sebou transformace, privatizace a èásteèná majetková kompenzace pøinesla základní zmìny ve struktuøe vlastnictví pùdy. V tomto období se stalo pøevau-jícím typem soukromé vlastnictví. Jako dùsledek kompenzací pùdy a znovuobnovení vlastnických podílù v zemìdìlských drustvech se vytvoøila v øadì pøípadù nevyhovující struktura podnikù a následnì se stala nezbytnou redistribuce vlastnictví pùdy. Obnovení fungování trhu pùdy je vak na jedné stranì brdìno souèasnou právní úpravou bránící nákupu pùdy (pro maïarské právnické osoby a pro cizince), na druhé stranì také znaènou mírou odporu proti prodeji pùdy cizincùm. Polická rizika, vstup do EU a pøedpokládané zmìny týkající se systému podpor v rámci EU mohou rovnì dlouhodobì ovlivnit fungování trhu pùdy.Klíèová slova: transformace zemìdìlství, zemìdìlská pùda, vlastnictví pùdy, uívání pùdy, drustva, státní vlastnictví, soukromé vlastnictví, Zákon o pùdì, nákup pùdy, pronájem pùdy, Národní pozemkový fond, trh zemìdìlské pùdy, cena pùdy, hypotékaThe paper was prepared for the seminar of RIAFE Bratislava Utilization of the agricultural land, with regard to the accession of Slovakia to the EU, October 711, 2002, Slovak Republic.

Selected aspects of the transformation of agriculture in the CEECs following the fall of the Eastern Bloc

“…In turn, the price of pieces of land over 5 ha (with agricultural designations) was of 1324 euro/ha on average; and in fact fell in the same period as above by around 15%. In Hungary, the increase in land prices was first and foremost a result of the anticipated EU accession and connected matters relating to the possible purchase of property by foreigners, as well as the opportunity for agricultural subsidies to be taken advantage of (Pop and Stauder 2003).…”

Zmiany własnościowe użytków rolnych w wybranych krajach Europy Środkowej

“…Z kolei cena gruntów powyżej 5 ha, na których prowadzono produkcję rolną, wynosiła średnio 1324 Euro/ha i spadła w analogicznym okresie o ok. 15%. Na Węgrzech wzrost ceny gruntów rolnych wynikał przede wszystkim z faktu oczekiwanego przystąpienia do Unii Europejskiej i związanych z tym kwestii nabywania nieruchomości przez obcokrajowców oraz możliwości korzystania z subsydiów dla rolnictwa (Popp, Stauder 2003).…”