Land Reform as a Counterinsurgency Policy: Evidence from Colombia

Albertus, Michael; Kaplan, Oliver

doi:10.2139/ssrn.1848129

Cited by 33 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Mindful of such potential to inflame tensions, the UNFCCC has adopted safeguards aimed at conflict prevention and securing the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities (UNFCCC 2011). Alternatively, land reforms, including individual or collective land title programs, could be implemented as strategies to reverse and reduce causes of conflicts and forest-loss (Albertus andKaplan 2012, Ostrom andNagendra 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic overlaps between priority areas for forest carbon-storage efforts and those for delivering peacebuilding programs: implications for policy design

Castro-Núñez

Mertz

Sosa

2017

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Of the countries considering national-level policies for incentivizing reductions in forest-based greenhouse gas emissions (REDDþ), some 25 are experiencing (or are emerging from) armedconflicts. It has been hypothesized that the outcomes of the interactions between carbon-storage and peacebuilding efforts could result in either improved or worsened forest conservation and likewise increased or decreased conflict. Hence, for this study we explore potential interactions between forest carbon-storage and peacebuilding efforts, with Colombia as a case study. Spatial associations between biomass carbon and three conflict-related variables suggest that such interactions may exist. Nonetheless, while priority areas for carbon-focused conservation are presumably those at highest risks of deforestation, our research indicates that forests with lower risk of deforestation are typically those affected by armed-conflict. Our findings moreover highlight three possible roles played by Colombian forested municipalities in armed groups' military strategies: venues for battle, hideouts, and sources of natural resources to finance war.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic overlaps between priority areas for forest carbon-storage efforts and those for delivering peacebuilding programs: implications for policy design

Castro-Núñez

Mertz

Sosa

2017

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…Finally, our work has obvious connections to a large literature on peasant rebellion (e.g., Migdal, 1974;Popkin, 1979;Scott, 1976;Wolf, 1967), including recent work that empirically estimates the relationship between land reform and insurgency (Albertus & Kaplan, 2012;Alston, Libecap, & Mueller, 2000). 4 Our finding that rebellion increased in response to emancipation, a package of reforms that included land redistribution, is consistent with the estimates in each of the latter articles, suggesting generalizability of our results beyond the context of 19th-century Russia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 69%

Does Reform Prevent Rebellion? Evidence From Russia’s Emancipation of the Serfs

Finkel

Gehlbach

Olsen

2015

Comparative Political Studies

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Contemporary models of political economy suggest that reforms intended to reduce grievances should curtail unrest, a perspective at odds with many traditional accounts of reform and rebellion. We explore the impact of reform on rebellion with a new data set on peasant disturbances in 19th-century Russia. Using a difference-in-differences design that exploits the timing of various peasant reforms, we document a large increase in disturbances among former serfs following the Emancipation Reform of 1861, a development counter to reformers' intent. Our analysis suggests that this outcome was driven by peasants' disappointment with the reform's design and implementation-the consequence of elite capture in the context of a generally weak state-and heightened expectations of what could be achieved through coordinated action. Reform-related disturbances were most pronounced in provinces where commune organization facilitated collective action and where fertile soil provoked contestation over land.

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“…Even when an assertive land reform programme was sought, such as in the 1960s, little was done to curb countryside violence that, over the last 60 years, has cost 220,000 deaths, mostly of poor rural residents. In fact, even though land titling was conducted in many parts of the country, it was implemented piecemeal and incompletely, blocked in most areas by politically powerful large landholders, creating widespread levels of insurgent activity (Albertus & Kaplan 2013). Though it was possible for some sectors to thrive during the civil war years, particularly those better connected to legal and illegal global markets, the fact remains that for the country to fully realise its potential, a more inclusive path of political reconciliation has to be promoted.…”

Section: Land Accessibility the Quintessential Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

Colombia's Fractured History and Continued Challenges following the Havana Accord

Ioris

2018

Journal of Peacebuilding & Development

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Land Reform as a Counterinsurgency Policy: Evidence from Colombia

Cited by 33 publications

References 5 publications

Geographic overlaps between priority areas for forest carbon-storage efforts and those for delivering peacebuilding programs: implications for policy design

Geographic overlaps between priority areas for forest carbon-storage efforts and those for delivering peacebuilding programs: implications for policy design

Does Reform Prevent Rebellion? Evidence From Russia’s Emancipation of the Serfs

Colombia's Fractured History and Continued Challenges following the Havana Accord

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