Land Restitution and the Communities of North-Eastern Botswana, 1889–2012

Morapedi, Wazha G.

doi:10.1080/02582473.2020.1782456

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…205 Historically, this is true. 206 Responding to Batswana's concerns, the Presidential Commission recommended that, "Government should compulsorily acquire freehold farms [and] proclaim them tribal land, and hand them to the relevant Land Boards for allocation to Batswana". 207 The report does not clarify what to "compulsorily acquire" mean.…”

Section: The Colonial Land Questionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The land question in Botswana A commentary on the report of the presidential commission of inquiry into the Review of the constitution of Botswana

2023

sjch

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The land question in Botswana dominated the public deliberations during the Presidential Commission of Inquiry into the Review of the Constitution of Botswana, which was appointed by the President of the Republic of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi, on 17 December 2021. In the Constitution of Botswana, the subject of land is only mentioned curtly in section 8. However, in countries such as Zimbabwe, Zambia, South Africa, and Mozambique, national constitutions extensively deal with land issues. Batswana's (citizens of Botswana) sustained and passionate debate suggests that they want the subject of land entrenched in the constitution should it be reviewed. The article is not a critique of the Report of the Presidential Commission in toto. It only analyses the major land issues raised and captured in it. The (illegal) selling of land; the role of the land boards and dikgosi (chiefs) in land administration; the impact of colonial land alienation; the compulsory acquisition of tribal land; the delays in land allocation; and the shortage of (serviced) land, among others, dominated the inquiries. These issues require an academic analysis to contextualise them and guide the national debate further. The article relies on the Report of the Presidential Commission, published works, and official documents from the government of Botswana. It concludes that the "absence" of the subject of land, and or land rights, in the constitution of Botswana is a concern in a liberal democratic society.

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Section: The Colonial Land Questionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The land question in Botswana A commentary on the report of the presidential commission of inquiry into the Review of the constitution of Botswana

2023

sjch

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“…Penjaminan hak atas tanah adalah salah satu pendekatan yang dapat diterapkan untuk manajemen tanah pascakonflik selain memperbaiki sistem administrasi pertanahan, menyelesaikan sengketa, dan merehabilitasi lahan produktif. Di beberapa negara, masyarakat yang dirugikan oleh konflik dapat mengajukan permohonan agar tanah yang sempat ditelantarkan dikembalikan ke pemiliknya melalui program restitusi (Morapedi, 2020;Mbazumutima, 2021). Hal ini tentunya membutuhkan pelibatan masyarakat yang aktif agar program tersebut dapat diimplementasikan secara efektif.…”

Section: Peran Reforma Agraria Terhadap Kebangkitan Acehunclassified

Reforma Agraria sebagai Jalan menuju Perdamaian yang Berkelanjutan di Aceh

Tarfi¹,

Amri²

2021

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The signing of the Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in 2005 marked the end of the Indonesian government's decades-long conflict with the Free Aceh Movement. One of the deals in the Helsinki MoU is to provide farming land to former combatants, amnestied political prisoners, and conflict victims as a form of reintegration and livelihood restoration. However, this activity did not run effectively for a dozen years after the peace deal due to the absence of regulations and authorities in its implementation. Based on this background, this paper examines the role of Agrarian Reform on the policy of agricultural land provision to the people related to the Aceh conflict. This research used a qualitative approach, and relied on observational data and literature review. Agrarian Reform can be an alternative strategy for post-conflict peacebuilding. The concept of asset reform and access reform offered in the Agrarian Reform can be adopted to realize the allocation of agricultural land by the mandate of the Helsinki MoU. The main problems found so far are that there is no regulation regarding the granting of land rights in the law, authority, and several obstacles in its implementation. This paper also provides a crucial lesson that proper agrarian policy contributes to the prevention of recurring conflicts that have the potential to cause national disintegration. Keywords: Agrarian Reform, Free Aceh Movement, Helsinki MoU, Land Redistribution, Peacebuilding Intisari : Penandatanganan Momerandum of Understanding (MoU) Helsinki pada tahun 2005 menandai berakhirnya konflik pemerintah Indonesia dengan Gerakan Aceh Merdeka selama beberapa dekade. Salah satu kesepakatan di dalam MoU Helsinki adalah menyediakan tanah pertanian kepada mantan kombatan, tahanan politik yang memperoleh amnesti, dan korban konflik sebagai bentuk reintegrasi dan pemulihan penghidupan. Namun, kegiatan ini tidak berjalan secara efektif selama belasan tahun setelah perjanjian damai karena belum adanya regulasi dan kewenangan dalam pelaksanaannya. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, tulisan ini mengkaji peran Reforma Agraria terhadap kebijakan penyediaan tanah pertanian untuk masyarakat yang berkaitan dengan konflik Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, serta mengandalkan data observasi dan tinjauan literatur. Reforma Agraria dapat menjadi strategi alternatif pembangunan perdamaian pasca-konflik. Konsep penataan aset dan penataan akses yang ditawarkan di dalam Reforma Agraria dapat diadopsi untuk merealisasikan alokasi tanah pertanian sesuai amanah MoU Helsinki. Permasalahan-permasalahan utama yang ditemukan selama ini adalah belum adanya pengaturan mengenai pemberian hak atas tanah tersebut di dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, kewenangan, dan sejumlah hambatan dalam pelaksanaannya. Tulisan ini juga memberikan pelajaran penting bahwa kebijakan agraria yang tepat dapat berkontribusi terhadap pencegahan konflik berulang yang dapat berpotensi menyebabkan disintegrasi bangsa. Kata Kunci: Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, MoU Helsinki, Pembangunan Perdamaian, Redistribusi Tanah, Reforma Agraria

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