Land use, transport, and population health: estimating the health benefits of compact cities

Stevenson, Mark; Thompson, Jason; de, Thiago Hérick; Ewing, Reid; Mohan, Dinesh; McClure, Roderick John; Roberts, Ian; Tiwari, Geetam; Giles-Corti, Billie; Sun, Xiaoduan; Wallace, Mark; Woodcock, James

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30067-8

Cited by 454 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…What is seen between LMICs is that their economic growth boosts motorisation and road traffic injuries,26 but the healthcare facilities fail to follow this increase. Therefore, according to Dalal et al ,27 Brazil was the sixth in the top 25 countries with the greatest number of disability-adjusted life years due to road traffic injuries in 2004, reflecting a need to improve healthcare in this set of injuries 27.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Brazil going to achieve the road traffic deaths target? An analysis about the sustainable development goals

et al. 2017

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Brazil going to achieve the road traffic deaths target? An analysis about the sustainable development goals

et al. 2017

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“…Many widely-adopted urban planning strategies, such as the compact urban development model that promotes high urban density, are applicable to Chinese cities (appendix). 86–88 These involve mixed land uses, balancing jobs and housing development to reduce commute distances and times, establishing walkable neighborhoods, and diverting traffic away from pedestrian and cyclist routes. Such compact city planning principles should be pursued alongside active transport subsidies, demand management, and driving disincentives—such as parking charges—that encourage non-automobile commuting in these areas.…”

Section: Future Of Healthy Transportation In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport and public health in China: the road to a healthy future

et al. 2017

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Transportation-related risk factors are a major source of morbidity and mortality in China, where expansion of road networks and surges in personal vehicle ownership are having profound effects on public health. Road traffic injuries and fatalities have increased alongside motorized transport in China, and accident injury risk is aggravated by inadequate emergency response systems and trauma care. National air quality standards and emission control technologies are having a positive effect, yet persistent air pollution is increasingly attributable to a growing and outdated vehicle fleet, and famously congested roads. Urban design favors motorized transport, and physical activity and its associated health benefits are hindered by poor urban infrastructure. Transport emissions of greenhouse gases contribute substantially to regional and global climate change, which compound public health risks from multiple factors. Despite these complex challenges, technological advances and innovations in planning and policy stand to make China a leader in sustainable, healthy transportation.

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“…The evidence base for increasing the uptake of active commuting is extensive [66], and active commuting presents an untapped opportunity to achieve regular physical activity. Achieving increased active commuting requires coordinated work among various stakeholders, but the benefits are numerous, and go beyond physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyles, including positive impacts on traffic congestion, air pollution, and carbon emissions [66,67]. However, the present study adds to other evidence from LMICs [35,37,48] that car ownership appears to negate any effect of walkable neighborhood design on active commuting.…”

Section: Conclusion and Next Stepsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Neighbourhood Environment Features and Active Commuting in Chennai, India

Adlakha¹,

Ja²,

Sallis³

et al. 2018

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BackgroundFew studies have assessed built environment correlates of active commuting in low-and-middle-income countries, but the different context could yield distinct findings. This cross-sectional study investigated associations between home neighbourhood environment characteristics and active commuting in Chennai, India. MethodsAdults (N = 370, 47.2% female, mean age = 37.9 years) were recruited from 155 wards in the metropolitan area of Chennai in southern India between January and June 2015. Participants self-reported their usual mode of commute to work, with responses recoded into three categories: (1) multi-modal or active commuting (walking and bicycling); (2) public transit; and (3) private transport. Environmental attributes around participants' homes were assessed using the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale-India (NEWS-India). Associations between environmental characteristics and likelihood of active commuting and public transit use were modelled using logistic regression with private transport (driving alone or carpool) as the reference category, adjusting for age, gender, and household car ownership. ResultsConsistent with other international studies, participants living in neighbourhoods with a mix of land-uses and a transit stop within a 10-minute walk from home were more likely to use active commuting (both p < 0.01). Land-use mix was significantly associated with the use of public transit compared to private transport (aOR = 5.2, p = 0.002). Contrary to findings in high-income countries, the odds of active commuting were reduced with improved safety from crime (aOR = 0.2, p = 0.003), aesthetics (aOR = 0.2, p = 0.05) and street connectivity (aOR = 0.2, p = 0.003). ConclusionsDifferent environmental attributes were associated with active commuting, suggesting that these relationships are complex and may distinctly differ from those in high-income countries. Unexpected inverse associations of perceived safety from crime and aesthetics with active commuting emphasize the need for high quality epidemiologic studies with greater context-specificity in the study of physical activity in LMICs. Findings have public health implications for India and suggest that caution should be taken when translating evidence across countries.

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Land use, transport, and population health: estimating the health benefits of compact cities

Cited by 454 publications

References 73 publications

Is Brazil going to achieve the road traffic deaths target? An analysis about the sustainable development goals

Is Brazil going to achieve the road traffic deaths target? An analysis about the sustainable development goals

Transport and public health in China: the road to a healthy future

Neighbourhood Environment Features and Active Commuting in Chennai, India

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