The purpose of article consists in reasons for need of formation of the theory neo -industrialization as one of the modern economic theories. Achievement of this purpose assumes the solution of a row of scientific tasks: -establishment of objective premises of formation of the theory neo -industrialization; -disclosure of application-oriented opportunities of the theory neo -industrialization in relation to the system of the Russian economy. Need of reconstruction on a new technological basis of an industrial complex of system of the Russian economy causes need for formation of the theory neo -industrialization. Act as premises of this process: negative effects of corrupting of an old industrial kernel of system of the centralized economy; overestimation of values in economic science and its internal conversion in the conditions of the modern crisis situation. The method of this theory is created on the basis of a synergy paradigm, in line with the systems concept, with attraction of cognitive opportunities of the theories demanded in a study of a phenomenon neo -industrialization. The scientific novelty of article consists in receiving the following elements of an increment of scientific knowledge: -objective premises of formation of the theory neoindustrialization are set; -application-oriented opportunities of the theory neoindustrialization are opened and realized: a) the complex of the principles of formation of the new industrial policy demanded at the present stage of development of the Russian economy is reasonable; b) development of an algorithm of conversion of depressive industrial zones of the large cities is realized.