Landing Evaluation in Soccer Players with or without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Alanazi, Ahmad; Mitchell, Katy; Roddey, Toni S.; Alenazi, Aqeel M.; Alzhrani, Msaad; Ortíz, Alexis

doi:10.1055/a-1171-1900

Cited by 6 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Medium risk of bias was found for over 2/3 of the studies (22/32, 68.7%) [ 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 12 , 21 , 26 – 28 , 34 , 41 , 46 , 49 , 61 , 69 , 80 , 86 , 90 – 92 , 96 , 101 ], 4/32 (12.5%) were of high methodological quality [ 10 , 62 , 78 , 79 ] and 6/32 studies (18.8%) were of low quality [ 39 , 72 , 81 , 82 , 89 , 109 ] (Supplementary Tables S 1 -S 3 ). The main reasons for a medium to low methodological quality were due to unclear description of participants and/or prior interventions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromuscular activity of the lower‐extremities during running, landing and changing‐of‐direction movements in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a review of electromyographic studies

et al. 2023

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Purpose Running, jumping/landing and cutting/change of direction (CoD) are critical components of return to sport (RTS) following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), however the electromyographic (EMG) activity patterns of the operated leg during the execution of these tasks are not clear. Methods A systematic review was conducted to retrieve EMG studies during running, jumping/landing and cutting/(CoD) in ACLR patients. MEDLINE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases were searched from 2000 to May, 2022 using a combination of keywords and their variations: “anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction” OR “ACLR”, “electromyography” OR “EMG”, “running”, “jumping” OR “landing”, “cutting” OR “change-of-direction” OR “CoD”. The search identified studies comparing EMG data during running, landing and cutting/(CoD) between the involved limb and contralateral or control limbs. Risk of bias was assessed and quantitative analyses using effect sizes were performed. Results Thirty two studies met the inclusion criteria. Seventy five percent (24/32) of the studies reported altered EMG activity pattern of the ACLR leg during running, jumping/landing and cutting/(CoD) when compared with either the healthy control leg or the contra-lateral leg. Twelve studies showed decreased, delayed or earlier onset and delayed peak in quadriceps EMG activity with small to large effect sizes and 9 studies showed increased, delayed or earlier onset and delayed peak in hamstrings EMG activity with small to large effect sizes. Four studies showed a “hamstrings-dominant” strategy i.e. decreased quadriceps coupled with increased hamstrings EMG activity in both running and jumping/landing irrespective of graft type. One study reported that on the grounds of decreased quadriceps activity, lower hamstrings EMG activity was predictive of ipsilateral re-injury in ACLR patients. Conclusion This systematic review of Level III evidence showed that the ACLR leg displays decreased quadriceps or increased hamstrings EMG activity or both despite RTS. Simultaneous decreased quadriceps and increased hamstrings EMG activity was shown for both running and jumping/landing. From a clinical perspective this “hamstrings dominant” strategy can serve as a protective mechanism against graft re-injury. Level of evidence III.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromuscular activity of the lower‐extremities during running, landing and changing‐of‐direction movements in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a review of electromyographic studies

et al. 2023

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“…The landing task included a forward jump to head a soccer ball and land on the force platforms. The soccer ball was suspended from the ceiling at a distance equivalent to 40% of the participant's maximum long jump from the starting point [19]. A detailed description about the landing task included in this study has been reported previously [19].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The soccer ball was suspended from the ceiling at a distance equivalent to 40% of the participant's maximum long jump from the starting point [19]. A detailed description about the landing task included in this study has been reported previously [19]. Participants were instructed to carry out four trials based on our initial reliability study that found four trials provided good reliability for all kinematics and kinetics parameters evaluated during the landing task (ICC ≥ 0.76).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average EMG data were normalized by dividing the mean signals by the maximum signals for each muscle. This approach (dynamic normalization procedure) is frequently utilized for normalizing EMG data acquired during dynamic maneuvers and helps reduce between and within subject variability [19,[35][36][37]. The normalized data for the vastus medialis and lateralis, and rectus femoris, and biceps femoris and semitendinosus were averaged to constitute the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups, respectively.…”

Section: Data Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Landing maneuvers, such as landing after heading the soccer ball, are among the most common activities performed repeatedly throughout a soccer game. Landing after heading the soccer ball was selected in this study based on our previous investigation in which unplanned landing (landing after heading a soccer ball) exhibited increased injury predisposing factors compared with the forward jump [19]. It is unknown how the high-intensity exercise bout influences landing biomechanics during a soccer-specific landing maneuver in this population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of a high-intensity exercise bout on landing biomechanics post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a quasi-experimental study

Alanazi

Mitchell

Roddey

et al. 2021

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background We aimed to examine the effect of a high-intensity exercise bout on landing biomechanics in soccer players who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and non-injured soccer players during a soccer-specific landing maneuver. Methods Eighteen soccer players who underwent ACLR and 18 normal soccer players were enrolled in this investigation (ACLR group; age, 26.11 ± 3.95 years; body mass index, 23.52 ± 2.69 kg/m2; surgery time, 5 ± 3.30 years: control group; age, 25.83 ± 3.51 years; body mass index, 24.09 ± 3.73 kg/m2, respectively). Participants were evaluated during the landing maneuver before and after carrying out the high-intensity exercise bout using the Wingate test. The intensity of the exercise was defined as a blood lactate accumulation of at least 4 mmol/L. The dependent variables included sagittal-plane kinematics and kinetics of the ankle, knee and hip joints, and electromyography activity of the gastrocnemius, hamstrings, quadriceps, and gluteus maximus. Results On 2 × 2 analysis of variance, none of the dependent variable showed significant exercise×group interactions. Regardless of group, significant main effects of exercise were found. Post-exercise landing was characterized by increased flexion of hip (p = 0.01), knee (p = 0.001), and ankle joints (p = 0.002); increased extension moments of hip (p = 0.009), knee (p = 0.012), and ankle joints (p = 0.003), as well as decreased quadriceps activity (p = 0.007). Conclusion At 1 year or more post-ACLR, the effect of the high-intensity exercise bout on landing biomechanics is not expected to differ from that experienced by healthy soccer players.

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Understanding the influences on horizontal jump landing mechanics: A systematic review

Krause

Snodgrass

Edwards

et al. 2022

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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Horizontal jumps have been used to assess pathological landing mechanics and as a plyometric conditioning exercise. Investigations have yet to clarify what and how varying jump characteristics influence landing mechanics. A search of Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus and SPORTDiscus was conducted. Included articles were original published research articles, which reported 3D kinetic or kinematic measurements on landing, from bilateral horizontal jumps in healthy adult populations. Nine articles met inclusion criteria and demonstrated a satisfactory to low risk of bias. Kinematic and kinetic landing data for bilateral horizontal jumps were extracted and analysed. The addition of a subsequent jump on landing reduced peak vertical ground reaction force (GRF), and addition of a heading task reduced landing hip and knee joint flexion. Greater magnitude jumps increased knee joint flexion. Horizontal jump tasks which restricted arm swing produced less peak vertical GRF. Bilateral horizontal jumps described as having higher peak vertical trajectories appeared to be associated with reduced hip flexion on landing. These findings highlight the importance of considering jump characteristics when designing bilateral horizontal jump tasks. Further research on landing performance following bilateral horizontal jumps is required to strengthen findings and should include measures of flight trajectory.

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Landing Evaluation in Soccer Players with or without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Cited by 6 publications

References 79 publications

Neuromuscular activity of the lower‐extremities during running, landing and changing‐of‐direction movements in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a review of electromyographic studies

Neuromuscular activity of the lower‐extremities during running, landing and changing‐of‐direction movements in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a review of electromyographic studies

The effects of a high-intensity exercise bout on landing biomechanics post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a quasi-experimental study

Understanding the influences on horizontal jump landing mechanics: A systematic review

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