Landraces-potential treasure for sustainable wheat improvement

Adhikari, Sneha; Kumari, Jyoti; Jacob, Sherry Rachel; Prasad, Pramod; Gangwar, O. P.; Lata, Charu; Thakur, R. K.; Singh, Amit Kumar; Bansal, Ruchi; Kumar, Sundeep; Bhardwaj, Subhash; Kumar, Subodh

doi:10.1007/s10722-021-01310-5

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 173 publications

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“…Global food production continues to be challenged by an alarmingly growing population, a finite amount of arable land, and conflicts between the countries that are important in the world wheat trade. Wheat is severely threatened by rapid climate change, which affects the world’s abiotic and biotic components [ 54 ]. In an effort to address some of these challenges, field assessments of the crown and root rot pathogens on wheat, which harbors an array of pathogenic species, are reported on a regular basis in the world’s largest wheat-producing countries [ 25 , 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Pathogens Associated with Crown and Root Rot of Wheat in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Kazakhstan

Bozoğlu

İmren

Amer

et al. 2022

JoF

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Kazakhstan is the fourteenth largest wheat producer in the world. Despite this fact, there has not been a comprehensive survey of wheat root and crown rot. A quantitative survey was conducted for the purpose of establishing the distribution of fungi associated with root and crown rot on wheat (Triticum spp.). During the 2019 growing season, samples were taken from the affected plants’ roots and stem bases. A total of 1221 fungal isolates were acquired from 65 sites across the central (Karagandy region), eastern (East Kazakhstan region), and southeastern (Almaty region) parts of the country and identified using morphological and molecular tools. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) sequences were successfully used to identify the species of fungal isolates. It was found that Bipolaris sorokiniana (44.80%) and Fusarium acuminatum (20.39%) were the most predominant fungal species isolated, which were present in 86.15 and 66.15% of the fields surveyed, respectively, followed by F. equiseti (10.16%), Curvularia spicifera (7.62%), F. culmorum (4.75%), F. oxysporum (4.10%), F. redolens (2.38%), Rhizoctonia solani AG2-1 (1.06%), Nigrospora oryzae (0.98%), C. inaequalis (0.90%), F. pseudograminearum (0.74%), F. flocciferum (0.74%), Macrophomina phaseolina (0.66%), F. cf. incarnatum (0.33%), Fusarium sp. (0.25%), and F. torulosum (0.16%). A total of 74 isolates representing 16 species were tested via inoculation tests on the susceptible Triticum aestivum cv. Seri 82 and the results revealed that F. culmorum and F. pseudograminearum, B. sorokiniana, Fusarium sp., R. solani, F. redolens, C. spicifera, C. inaequalis, and N. oryzae were virulent, whereas others were non-pathogenic. The findings of this investigation demonstrate the presence of a diverse spectrum of pathogenic fungal species relevant to wheat crown and root rot in Kazakhstan. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. pseudograminearum, Fusarium sp., C. spicifera, and C. inaequalis as pathogens on wheat in Kazakhstan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Pathogens Associated with Crown and Root Rot of Wheat in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Kazakhstan

Bozoğlu

İmren

Amer

et al. 2022

JoF

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“…These genome-based data not only confirmed the need to preserve already existing ex situ collections and regularly replenish them, but also pointed to out-of-use cultivars as an important potential source of genetic diversity for breeding new cultivars. Therefore, cultivars released in different periods and landraces, along with modern cultivars, are widely included in panels used for comparative genetic studies [ 20 , 25 , 26 ]. This enables researchers not only to find sources of valuable traits among ex situ collection accessions (including sources for improving grain and flour quality among old cultivars [ 19 , 27 , 28 ]), but also to identify genome loci containing potentially valuable alleles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mining of QTLs for Spring Bread Wheat Spike Productivity by Comparing Spring Wheat Cultivars Released in Different Decades of the Last Century

Shvachko,

Solovyeva,

Rozanova

et al. 2024

Plants

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Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are among the genetic tools for the mining of genomic loci associated with useful agronomic traits. The study enabled us to find new genetic markers associated with grain yield as well as quality. The sample under study consisted of spring wheat cultivars developed in different decades of the last century. A panel of 186 accessions was evaluated at VIR’s experiment station in Pushkin across a 3-year period of field trials. In total, 24 SNPs associated with six productivity characteristics were revealed. Along with detecting significant markers for each year of the field study, meta-analyses were conducted. Loci associated with useful yield-related agronomic characteristics were detected on chromosomes 4A, 5A, 6A, 6B, and 7B. In addition to previously described regions, novel loci associated with grain yield and quality were identified during the study. We presume that the utilization of contrast cultivars which originated in different breeding periods allowed us to identify new markers associated with useful agronomic characteristics.

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“…( Borrill et al, 2014 ; Balk et al, 2019 ). The main objectives for the quality improvement are the enhancement of protein contents, bio-fortifying with essential amino acids which are basically absent in wheat, elevation in flour quality by modifying starch and glutenins, and elimination of anti-nutrient factors like phytic acid and polyphenols ( Grewal and Goel, 2015 ; Adhikari S. et al, 2022 ). Although basic research on flour quality was documented, a translation aspect for wheat improvements would be fruitful.…”

Section: The Challenges: Improving Wheat Biotic and Abiotic Stress Re...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Indian Wheat Genomics Initiative for Harnessing the Potential of Wheat Germplasm Resources for Breeding Disease-Resistant, Nutrient-Dense, and Climate-Resilient Cultivars

et al. 2022

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Wheat is one of the major staple cereal food crops in India. However, most of the wheat-growing areas experience several biotic and abiotic stresses, resulting in poor quality grains and reduced yield. To ensure food security for the growing population in India, there is a compelling need to explore the untapped genetic diversity available in gene banks for the development of stress-resistant/tolerant cultivars. The improvement of any crop lies in exploring and harnessing the genetic diversity available in its genetic resources in the form of cultivated varieties, landraces, wild relatives, and related genera. A huge collection of wheat genetic resources is conserved in various gene banks across the globe. Molecular and phenotypic characterization followed by documentation of conserved genetic resources is a prerequisite for germplasm utilization in crop improvement. The National Genebank of India has an extensive and diverse collection of wheat germplasm, comprising Indian wheat landraces, primitive cultivars, breeding lines, and collection from other countries. The conserved germplasm can contribute immensely to the development of wheat cultivars with high levels of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Breeding wheat varieties that can give high yields under different stress environments has not made much headway due to high genotypes and environmental interaction, non-availability of truly resistant/tolerant germplasm, and non-availability of reliable markers linked with the QTL having a significant impact on resistance/tolerance. The development of new breeding technologies like genomic selection (GS), which takes into account the G × E interaction, will facilitate crop improvement through enhanced climate resilience, by combining biotic and abiotic stress resistance/tolerance and maximizing yield potential. In this review article, we have summarized different constraints being faced by Indian wheat-breeding programs, challenges in addressing biotic and abiotic stresses, and improving quality and nutrition. Efforts have been made to highlight the wealth of Indian wheat genetic resources available in our National Genebank and their evaluation for the identification of trait-specific germplasm. Promising genotypes to develop varieties of important targeted traits and the development of different genomics resources have also been highlighted.

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Landraces-potential treasure for sustainable wheat improvement

Cited by 23 publications

References 173 publications

Fungal Pathogens Associated with Crown and Root Rot of Wheat in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Kazakhstan

Fungal Pathogens Associated with Crown and Root Rot of Wheat in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Kazakhstan

Mining of QTLs for Spring Bread Wheat Spike Productivity by Comparing Spring Wheat Cultivars Released in Different Decades of the Last Century

Indian Wheat Genomics Initiative for Harnessing the Potential of Wheat Germplasm Resources for Breeding Disease-Resistant, Nutrient-Dense, and Climate-Resilient Cultivars

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