Landscape attributes and life history variability shape genetic structure of trout populations in a stream network

Neville, Helen M.; Dunham, Jason B.; Peacock, Mary M.

doi:10.1007/s10980-005-5221-4

Cited by 158 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Previous studies have also observed reduced within-population genetic variation and increased among-population genetic divergence of salmonid populations in isolated headwater sites (Angers et al 1999;Bouza et al 1999;Carlsson and Nilsson 1999;Costello et al 2003;Taylor et al 2003;Wofford et al 2005;Neville et al 2006). However, these previous studies have not had the opportunity to examine replicate isolated populations in pristine conditions where the influence of various evolutionary processes on the maintenance of genetic diversity can be tested in the absence of anthropogenic manipulations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Isolated populations above stream barriers are similar to those on islands, in that they may be threatened by loss of genetic variation and inbreeding (Wang et al 2001;Novinger and Rahel 2003). Genetic effects of stream barriers have been observed to include loss of genetic diversity in and increased genetic differentiation of above-barrier populations (Angers et al 1999;Bouza et al 1999;Carlsson and Nilsson 1999;Costello et al 2003;Taylor et al 2003;Wofford et al 2005;Neville et al 2006;Guy et al 2008). However, important questions remain about fundamental evolutionary processes associated with population isolation in above-barrier populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic variation and effective population size in isolated populations of coastal cutthroat trout

Whiteley

Hastings²,

Wenburg

et al. 2010

Conserv Genet

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Following glacial recession in southeast Alaska, waterfalls created by isostatic rebound have isolated numerous replicate populations of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) in short coastal streams. These replicate isolated populations offer an unusual opportunity to examine factors associated with the maintenance of genetic diversity. We used eight microsatellites to examine genetic variation within and differentiation among 12 population pairs sampled from above and below these natural migration barriers. Geological evidence indicated that the above-barrier populations have been isolated for 8,000-12,500 years. Genetic differentiation among below-barrier populations (F ST = 0.10, 95% C.I. 0.08-0.12) was similar to a previous study of more southern populations of this species. Above-barrier populations were highly differentiated from adjacent below-barrier populations (mean pairwise F ST = 0.28; SD 0.18) and multiple lines of evidence were consistent with asymmetric downstream gene flow that varied among streams. Each above-barrier population had reduced within-population genetic variation when compared to the adjacent belowbarrier population. Within-population genetic diversity was significantly correlated with the amount of available habitat in above-barrier sites. Increased genetic differentiation of above-barrier populations with lower genetic diversity suggests that genetic drift has been the primary cause of genetic divergence. Long-term estimates of N e based on loss of heterozygosity over the time since isolation were large (3,170; range 1,077-7,606) and established an upper limit for N e if drift were the only evolutionary process responsible for loss of genetic diversity. However, it is likely that a combination of mutation, selection, and gene flow have also contributed to the genetic diversity of above-barrier populations. Contemporary above-barrier N e estimates were much smaller than long-term N e estimates, not correlated with withinpopulation genetic diversity, and not consistent with the amount of genetic variation retained, given the approximate 10,000-year period of isolation. The populations isolated by waterfalls in this study that occur in larger stream networks have retained substantial genetic variation, which suggests that the amount of habitat in headwater streams is an important consideration for maintaining the evolutionary potential of isolated populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation and effective population size in isolated populations of coastal cutthroat trout

Whiteley

Hastings²,

Wenburg

et al. 2010

Conserv Genet

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“…Because previous studies have shown that tributaries are the source of brook trout that inhabit the mainstem in Shavers Fork , one of the original objectives of this study was to identify specific tributaries that may be serving as dominant sources of mainstem immigrants in order to provide information about critical areas on which to focus conservation efforts (e.g., Neville et al 2006;Nyce et al 2013). High rates of gene flow among tributaries within the Shavers Fork watershed make it difficult to confidently quantify relative rates of dispersal from individual tributaries to the mainstem populations using traditional molecular genetic approaches such as assignment testing or mixed stock analyses (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Developing a clear understanding of spatial population structure, gene flow, and life history diversity (e.g., resident versus migratory behavior) is critical for salmonid species conservation (Rieman and Dunham 2000;Neville et al 2006). This information is used to make decisions about whether management should focus on protection and restoration of isolated habitats and populations or whether it should focus on restoring connectivity of habitats and metapopulations at the scale of whole watersheds (Fausch et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

River mainstem thermal regimes influence population structuring within an appalachian brook trout population

et al. 2014

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Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) often exist as highly differentiated populations, even at small spatial scales, due either to natural or anthropogenic sources of isolation and low rates of dispersal. In this study, we used molecular approaches to describe the unique population structure of brook trout inhabiting the Shavers Fork watershed, located in eastern West Virginia, and contrast it to nearby populations in tributaries of the upper Greenbrier River and North Fork South Branch Potomac Rivers. Bayesian and maximum likelihood clustering methods identified minimal population structuring among 14 collections of brook trout from throughout the mainstem and tributaries of Shavers Fork, highlighting the role of the cold-water mainstem for connectivity and high rates of effective migration among tributaries. In contrast, the Potomac and Greenbrier River collections displayed distinct levels of population differentiation among tributaries, presumably resulting from tributary isolation by warm-water mainstems. Our results highlight the importance of protecting and restoring cold-water mainstem habitats as part of region-wide brook trout conservation efforts. In addition, our results from Shavers Fork provide a contrast to previous genetic studies that characterize Appalachian brook trout as fragmented isolates rather than well-mixed populations. Additional study is needed to determine whether the existence of brook trout as genetically similar populations among tributaries is truly unique and whether connectivity among brook trout populations can potentially be restored within other central Appalachian watersheds.

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“…Fishes in the Arikaree River are presently cut off from adjacent basins due to permanently dry reaches in the lower basin. Connectivity with other basins is critical to provide demographic support and gene flow among populations (Neville et al, 2006(Neville et al, , 2009Fausch et al, 2009). Isolating fishes in short stream fragments increases the chances that random environmental events such as a severe drought will extirpate these populations from the basin (Rieman and McIntyre, 1995;Lande, 1998;McElhany et al, 2000).…”

Section: Trends In Annual Dischargementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of groundwater pumping and drought in shaping ecological futures for stream fishes in a dryland river basin of the western Great Plains, USA

et al. 2010

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Across the western Great Plains of North America, groundwater pumping for irrigated agriculture is depleting regional aquifers that sustain streamflow for native fishes. We investigated linkages between groundwater pumping from the High Plains Aquifer and stream fish habitat loss at multiple spatial scales during spring and summer [2005][2006][2007] in the Arikaree River, eastern Colorado, USA. Monthly low-altitude flights showed that flowing reaches were reduced from about 65 to Ä15 km by late summer, and long permanently dry segments in the lower basin prevent recolonization. Drying occurred rapidly during summer within three 6Ð4-km river segments, and patterns in habitat connectivity varied among segments owing to hydraulic conductivity. Most refuge pool habitats dried completely or lost more than half their volume, disconnecting from other pools by late summer. On the basis of these empirical habitat data, and historical groundwater and streamflow data, we constructed a MODFLOW model to predict how groundwater pumping will affect water table levels and fish habitat under three future scenarios. Under the most conservative scenario, we predicted that only 57% of refuge pools will remain in 35 years (2045), nearly all isolated in a 1Ð7-km fragment of river. A water balance model indicated that maintaining current water table levels and refuge pools for fishes would require a 75% reduction in groundwater pumping, which is not economically or politically feasible. Given widespread streamflow declines, ecological futures are bleak for stream fishes in the western Great Plains, and managers will be challenged to conserve native fishes under current groundwater pumping regimes.

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Landscape attributes and life history variability shape genetic structure of trout populations in a stream network

Cited by 158 publications

References 65 publications

Genetic variation and effective population size in isolated populations of coastal cutthroat trout

Genetic variation and effective population size in isolated populations of coastal cutthroat trout

River mainstem thermal regimes influence population structuring within an appalachian brook trout population

The role of groundwater pumping and drought in shaping ecological futures for stream fishes in a dryland river basin of the western Great Plains, USA

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