Landscape co-management and livelihood sustainability: Lessons learned from the billion trees afforestation project in Pakistan

Ullah, Ayat; Zeb, Alam; Saqib, Shahab E.; Kächele, Harald

doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106034

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…For generating cash income, firewood, and protecting crop fields, agroforestry was very popular among households in the study region. However, plants were distributed among farmers rapidly without any proper policy, planning, and assessment (Ullah et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To make the diffusion of agroforestry systems successful for achieving the intended benefits of poverty reduction, it requires effective community-level participation in decision-making and the implementation of adoption and diffusion activities (Ullah et al 2022 ). Local communities can provide effective methods for agroforestry diffusion and their management for the success of implemented strategies (Dlamini 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constraints to agroforestry diffusion under the Billion Trees Afforestation Project (BTAP), Pakistan: policy recommendations for 10-BTAP

Ullah

Zeb

Saqib³

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Effective agroforestry diffusion under the newly started 10-Billion Trees Afforestation Project (10-BTAP) needs a thorough understanding of the policy and implementation shortfalls of the already completed BTAP. This study examines the factors that affected the diffusion of the agroforestry in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan (HKH) region of Pakistan under BTAP. The data were gathered through in-depth interviews with Village Development Committee (VDC) members, Forest Department (FD) officials, and local farmers. Important factors positively affecting agroforestry diffusion included locations of crop fields on the river sides, community dependency on firewood, and market value of agroforestry timber. The logistic regression model shows that household head’s age, access to information, and area under cropland positively affected household level adoption of agroforestry under BTAP; forest cover was negatively related. In-depth interviews show that key barriers to FD in diffusion of agroforestry included provision of false information by farmers to monitoring teams, non-availability of extension staff, lack of communication among project staff and community, as well as a lack of sufficient budget for activities. Primary barriers to community adoption of agroforestry included no participation of VDCs in planning and monitoring of agroforestry programs, lack of plant need assessments on the part of the project staff, poor quality of plants distributed by FD, farmers’ poor know-how of plantations, lack of trust among community and project staff, as well as the waste of plants by farming community. Thus, this study recommends that policy-makers and project designers should consider these factors when planning agroforestry diffusion under 10-BTAP to improve its success.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints to agroforestry diffusion under the Billion Trees Afforestation Project (BTAP), Pakistan: policy recommendations for 10-BTAP

Ullah

Zeb

Saqib³

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…The literature reveals that farmers with higher educational levels are usually considered to be flexible, knowledgeable, and more informed about the improved agricultural practices and the benefits of adopting such practices [22,23]. In many adoption studies, researchers have found education to be a significant factor that positively influences the farmers' awareness and their adoption decisions [24][25][26].…”

Section: Education Of a Farmermentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Farmers’ Awareness and Adoption of Extension Recommended Wheat Varieties in the Rainfed Areas of Pakistan

2022

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Scientific evidence suggests that there is room for eradicating poverty and hunger by increasing food production through the adoption of modern agricultural practices by farmers. This study aimed, first, to explore the relationship between the farmers’ awareness and adoption of improved wheat varieties. Second, it aimed to find the key factors that govern the farmers’ awareness and adoption of extension-recommended innovations in the rainfed cropping system of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data were collected from 395 respondents. A binary logit model was used to analyze the effect of the farmers’ socioeconomic and farm-specific characteristics on their awareness and adoption of the extension-suggested wheat varieties. Moreover, qualitative data from 40 key informants were collected for in-depth analysis. The results show a strong association between the farmers’ awareness of a technology (improved wheat varieties) and its adoption. The results of the logit model show that their extension contacts, income from agriculture, and access to credit positively affected the farmers’ awareness, whereas their education and household sizes negatively affected their awareness. Moreover, the factors that positively influenced the farmers’ decision to adopt the technology included the extension contact, the confidence in the extension, the risk-bearing attitude, and the credit access, whereas the household size and education negatively affected it. The results of the key informant interviews reveal that the high incidence of poverty, the low soil fertility, the farmers’ inability to make effective decisions, the lack of accurate weather predictability in the rainfed farming system, the lack of government interest, and the asymmetric information in the inputs markets contributed to the farmers’ low levels of awareness and to their poor adoption of improved agricultural technologies. These results indicate that any intervention aimed at the awareness and adoption by farmers of improved technologies, such as new wheat varieties, should recognize the heterogeneity in the farmers’ socioeconomic and farm-specific characteristics.

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“…Thus, there is a need to identify the effects of different disasters, like the COVID-19 pandemic, on vegetable farmers’ inputs and outputs market integration by incorporating qualitative and quantitative data when determining agricultural productivity and income/livelihood outcomes. Since poverty is high among smallholders in the HKH region, they operate small acreage and few off-farm employment opportunities, and communities tend to rely on farming for their livelihoods [ 3 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on market integration: Evidence from vegetable farmers in Pakistan

Ullah¹,

Mishra²,

Bavorová³

et al. 2022

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction

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Landscape co-management and livelihood sustainability: Lessons learned from the billion trees afforestation project in Pakistan

Cited by 30 publications

References 66 publications

Constraints to agroforestry diffusion under the Billion Trees Afforestation Project (BTAP), Pakistan: policy recommendations for 10-BTAP

Constraints to agroforestry diffusion under the Billion Trees Afforestation Project (BTAP), Pakistan: policy recommendations for 10-BTAP

Determinants of Farmers’ Awareness and Adoption of Extension Recommended Wheat Varieties in the Rainfed Areas of Pakistan

The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on market integration: Evidence from vegetable farmers in Pakistan

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