Landscape Composition, Patch Size, and Distance to Edges: Interactions Affecting Duck Reproductive Success

Horn, David Van; Phillips, Michael L.; Koford, Rolf R.; Clark, William R.; Sovada, Marsha A.; Greenwood, Raymond J.

doi:10.1890/03-5254

Cited by 51 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…BRTs have several advantages: they detect important relationships from large sets of predictor variables; they accommodate the complex, nonlinear relationships that often exist between species and habitat (Gaston 2003); they accommodate multiway interactions among predictor variables; they are insensitive to outliers and transformations of the predictor variables (Elith et al 2008); and they show good predictive performance (Elith et al 2006, 2008, Oppel et al 2012.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We selected environmental predictor variables based on previous studies of waterfowl habitat selection (Horn et al 2005, Paszkowski and Tonn 2006, Suhonen et al 2011) and songbird distribution (Cumming et al 2014, Stralberg et al 2014. Selection criteria included a priori hypotheses on likely ecological relationships (Mac Nally 2000, Barry and Elith 2006, Wenger and Olden 2012, constrained by availability and coverage.…”

Section: Environmental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some secondary applications exploit the survey's time series to model population dynamics, exploring relationships between population size and wetland availability, adult survival, annual productivity, and climate change (Pospahala et al 1974, Anderson 1975, Johnson and Shaffer 1987, Kaminski and Gluesing 1987, Raveling and Heitmeyer 1989, Podruzny et al 2002, Drever et al 2012. More recently, the data set has been used to test new methodological approaches (Jamieson and Brooks 2004, Gimenez et al 2009, Ross et al 2012, Lawrence et al 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, the data set has been used to test new methodological approaches (Jamieson and Brooks 2004, Gimenez et al 2009, Ross et al 2012, Lawrence et al 2013. However, there have been only limited attempts to use these data in predicting species distribution and abundance over large areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Models to predict the distribution and abundance of breeding ducks in Canada

Barker¹,

Cumming²,

Darveau³

2014

ACE

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ABSTRACT. Detailed knowledge of waterfowl abundance and distribution across Canada is lacking, which limits our ability to effectively conserve and manage their populations. We used 15 years of data from an aerial transect survey to model the abundance of 17 species or species groups of ducks within southern and boreal Canada. We included 78 climatic, hydrological, and landscape variables in Boosted Regression Tree models, allowing flexible response curves and multiway interactions among variables. We assessed predictive performance of the models using four metrics and calculated uncertainty as the coefficient of variation of predictions across 20 replicate models. Maps of predicted relative abundance were generated from resulting models, and they largely match spatial patterns evident in the transect data. We observed two main distribution patterns: a concentrated prairie-parkland distribution and a more dispersed pan-Canadian distribution. These patterns were congruent with the relative importance of predictor variables and model evaluation statistics among the two groups of distributions. Most species had a hydrological variable as the most important predictor, although the specific hydrological variable differed somewhat among species. In some cases, important variables had clear ecological interpretations, but in some instances, e.g., topographic roughness, they may simply reflect chance correlations between species distributions and environmental variables identified by the model-building process. Given the performance of our models, we suggest that the resulting prediction maps can be used in future research and to guide conservation activities, particularly within the bounds of the survey area. Des modèles pour prédire la répartition et l'abondance des canards nichant au CanadaRÉSUMÉ. Le manque de connaissances détaillées sur l'abondance et la répartition des espèces de sauvagine dans l'ensemble du Canada limite notre capacité à conserver et à gérer leurs populations de façon efficace. Au moyen de 15 années de données provenant d'inventaires aériens réalisés par transects, nous avons modélisé l'abondance de 17 espèces ou groupes d'espèces de canards dans les parties méridionale et boréale du Canada. Nous avons inclus 78 variables relatives au climat, à l'hydrologie et au paysage dans des modèles amplifiés d'arbres de régression, pour lesquels des courbes de réponse flexibles et les interactions multidimensionnelles entre les variables ont pu être examinées. Nous avons évalué la capacité de prédiction des modèles à l'aide de quatre paramètres et avons estimé l'incertitude en calculant le coefficient de variation des prédictions d'un jeu de 20 répétitions de modèles. Des cartes de l'abondance relative prédite ont été produites à partir des modèles et elles correspondent bien au profil spatial des données récoltées dans les transects. Nous avons observé deux tendances principales dans la répartition : l'une centrée sur les Prairies et les forêts-parcs, l'autre plus dispersée à la grandeur du Canada. Ces ten...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Models to predict the distribution and abundance of breeding ducks in Canada

Barker¹,

Cumming²,

Darveau³

2014

ACE

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“…In contrast, mixed-grass prairies are fragmented by juxtaposition to habitats that are structurally similar, including some that can provide suitable nesting habitat. For example, a wheat or canola cropland matrix surrounding mixed-grass prairie may not increase predation risk near edges (Davis et al 2006, Koper andSchmiegelow 2007, but see Horn et al 2005), and does not create a physical barrier to avian movement among mixedgrass fragments (Davis 2004, Renfrew et al 2005. Therefore, it is less obvious why mixed-grass prairie birds avoid habitat edges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grassland Bird Responses to Three Edge Types in a Fragmented Mixed-Grass Prairie

Sliwinski¹,

Koper²

2012

ACE

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ABSTRACT. One possible factor that may have contributed to the decline of grassland bird populations is edge avoidance. In the mixed-grass prairie, habitat fragmentation is often caused by juxtaposition of habitats with vegetation that is structurally similar to prairie, making it difficult to understand why birds avoid habitat edges. We hypothesized that display height or resource-use strategy, i.e., the degree to which a species depends on grassland habitat, might explain variation in sensitivity to habitat edges among different species of grassland birds. To test our hypotheses, we used data on the abundance of grassland birds in native mixed-grass prairie fields in southern Alberta, Canada, from 2000 to 2002. Point counts were conducted up to 4.1 km from croplands, 2.2 km from roads, and 1.8 km from wetlands. We used nonlinear regression models to determine the distance at which relative abundance of 12 bird species changed in response to edge, and linear regression to determine if display height or resource-use strategy explained variation in response to different types of edges. Variation in response to edge was not explained by display height or resource-use strategy. However, six species avoided wetland edges, two avoided roads, and four avoided cropland. Two species of conservation concern, Chestnut-collared Longspurs (Calcarius ornatus) and Sprague's Pipits (Anthus spragueii), declined in abundance by 25% or more within 1.95 km and 0.91 km, respectively, of cropland edges. Because Chestnut-collared Longspurs avoided croplands to at least 1.95 km, it will be important to prevent further fragmentation of mixed-grass prairies by agriculture.RÉSUMÉ. L'évitement des bordures est un des facteurs avancés dans le déclin des populations d'oiseaux de prairie. Dans la prairie mixte, la fragmentation d'habitat se présente souvent sous la forme d'une juxtaposition de milieux dont la végétation est structurellement similaire à la prairie, ce qui rend difficile de comprendre pourquoi les oiseaux évitent les bordures d'habitat. Nous avons émis l'hypothèse voulant que la hauteur de parade ou la stratégie d'utilisation des ressources, c'est-à-dire à quel degré une espèce dépend de l'habitat de prairie, expliquerait peut-être la variation de sensibilité aux bordures chez différentes espèces d'oiseaux de prairie. Afin de tester notre hypothèse, nous avons utilisé des données d'abondance des oiseaux de prairie dans des champs de prairie mixte naturelle du sud de l'Alberta, au Canada, de 2000 à 2002. Des dénombrements par points d'écoute ont été effectués jusqu'à 4,1 km de terres cultivées, jusqu'à 2,2 km de routes et jusqu'à 1,8 km de milieux humides. Nous avons utilisé la régression non linéaire dans le but de déterminer la distance à laquelle l'abondance relative de 12 espèces d'oiseaux changeait en réaction aux bordures, et la régression linéaire pour établir si la hauteur de parade ou la stratégie d'utilisation des ressources expliquait la variation de réaction selon les différents types de bordure. La variation dans l...

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Managing and Designing Landscapes for Conservation

Lindenmayer

Hobbs

2007

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Landscape Composition, Patch Size, and Distance to Edges: Interactions Affecting Duck Reproductive Success

Cited by 51 publications

References 44 publications

Models to predict the distribution and abundance of breeding ducks in Canada

Models to predict the distribution and abundance of breeding ducks in Canada

Grassland Bird Responses to Three Edge Types in a Fragmented Mixed-Grass Prairie

Managing and Designing Landscapes for Conservation

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