Landscape Ecology and Geotechnologies as Tools for the Management of Biological Conservation

Abstract

Tropical forests, such as the Atlantic Forest, are among the most relevant forest formations regarding the provision of environmental ecosystem services, however, after centuries of human expansion, most of the Atlantic Forest is reduced to forest patches. This work aimed to map and analyse the landscape structure of the Atlantic Forest remnants in the city of Goiana, PE, Brazil. For that, metric indexes of landscape ecology were used, with the description of the spatial elements that determine the existing ecological processes and their importance on biological conservation in an Atlantic Forest patch, located in the municipality of Goiana, PE, Brazil. The native vegetation remnants map was obtained through supervised classification process, using images from LANDSAT 8 sensor, in the QGIS 2.18.9 computational application, and the SCP (Semi-Automatic Classification Plugin) with the Maximum Likelihood algorithm. The landscape ecology analysis was performed in the ArcGIS 10.1 software, aided by the Vector-based Landscape Analysis Tools Extension (V-LATE) 2.0 beta. The native vegetation fragmentation was related to the size class Original Research Articlewhich they belong, observing the landscape ecology indexes for each class to compare the vegetation patches conservation degree and size. That way, the map of the native vegetation occupied areas for the year of 2017 was obtained, with 241 patches being identified, of which approximately 45% were classified as very small patches. Therefore, it was noticed that there is a high degree of fragmentation in that region that can lead to the reduction of biodiversity. The smaller patches also presented higher edge density and greater edge effect. In relation to the proximity, when analysed together and with no size class distinction, the degree of isolation decreased dramatically, which indicates the importance of the smaller patches for the landscape and the ecological processes.

Avaliação Da Dinâmica Da Paisagem E Heterogeneidade De Manchas Florestais No Contexto Do Nexo Floresta-Água-Sociedade Em Duas Bacias Hidrográficas Em Jundiaí – Sp

“…A métrica ENN representa a distância euclidiana de uma mancha florestal ao seu vizinho mais próximo, e expressa a conectividade entre os diversos fragmentos dispersos na paisagem, sendo que quanto menor for a distância calculada, maior a conectividade das manchas entre si, o que reflete melhor disponibilidade e alcance de habitats(LANG e BLASCHKE, 2009), sendo que paisagens com boa conectividade entre manchas podem, do ponto de vista funcional, suplantar déficits de cobertura florestal(MOREIRA et al, 2018). A métrica PROXRIO indica a distância de uma mancha florestal ao corpo hídrico mais próximo (SILVA; RIBEIRO; LONGO, 2021), e foi adotada considerando que a proximidade de florestas com a rede de drenagem contribui para aumentar a infiltração de água no solo, a recarga dos aquíferos, e a redução do aporte de sedimentos aos corpos hídricos, contribuindo assim para a produção de água nas bacias(GUIDOTTI et al, 2020; TONELLO e DIAS, 2018).…”