Landscape Pattern Metrics

McGarigal, Kevin

doi:10.1002/9780470057339.val006

Cited by 66 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Many metrics have been proposed to quantify spatial heterogeneity, but most fall into two categories: composition and spatial configuration [28]. Composition metrics ignore the relative positions of resources, and instead deal with what types of spatial niches are present in an ecosystem.…”

Section: Quantifying Environmental Heterogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial resource heterogeneity increases diversity and evolutionary potential

Dolson

Pérez

Olson

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Spatial heterogeneity is believed to be an evolutionary driver of biodiversity. Variability in the distribution of resource patches can allow an environment to support a wider variety of phenotypes for selection to act upon at the ecosystem level, which may lead to more species. However, the generality of this principle has not been thoroughly tested, as the relevant adaptive dynamics occur on evolutionary timescales. We overcame this challenge by performing experiments on populations of digital organisms in the Avida Digital Evolution Platform, in which we investigated the impact of spatial resource heterogeneity on phenotypic diversity. Since an important benefit of diversity may be increased evolutionary potential, we also tracked the probability of a complex trait evolving in the context of various levels of spatial heterogeneity. We found that spatial entropy and phenotypic diversity have a strong positive correlation and this relationship is consistent across various spatial configurations. Diversity also increases evolutionary potential, but has a much smaller impact than other components of environmental composition. The most important of these components was the mean number of resources present in locations across the environment, likely owing to the importance of building blocks for the evolution of complex features. These results suggest that a general relationship exists between spatial heterogeneity and diversity, beyond the specific ecosystems and timescales in which it has previously been studied. By examining this relationship in the context of phenotypic evolution, we advance a mechanistic understanding of the resulting dynamics. Moreover, our results suggest that the likelihood of evolving various traits can be impacted by the spatial configuration of patches in which these traits are advantageous. These findings have implications for both evolutionary biology and evolutionary computation, as generating and maintaining diversity is critical to all forms of evolution.

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Section: Quantifying Environmental Heterogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial resource heterogeneity increases diversity and evolutionary potential

Dolson

Pérez

Olson

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…This is due to their dependence on the interpretation of images, which leads to subsequent changes in the results of analysis with variations in scale, spatial resolution, and differences in the dichotomous key used for deriving land cover classes. Another limitation with the use of landscape metrics is that, although a wide variety of metrics exist, many of these are correlated with each other [110,111]. Added to this, little guidance exists on the selection of the most effective landscape metrics for various applications (e.g., slum analysis), often leading to a process of trial-and-error in the choice of the most suitable landscape metrics for use [112].…”

Section: Landscape Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of High and Very High-Resolution Remote Sensing Approaches for Detecting and Mapping Slums: Trends, Challenges and Emerging Opportunities

et al. 2018

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Slums are a global urban challenge, with less developed countries being particularly impacted. To adequately detect and map them, data is needed on their location, spatial extent and evolution. High-and very high-resolution remote sensing imagery has emerged as an important source of data in this regard. The purpose of this paper is to critically review studies that have used such data to detect and map slums. Our analysis shows that while such studies have been increasing over time, they tend to be concentrated to a few geographical areas and often focus on the use of a single approach (e.g., image texture and object-based image analysis), thus limiting generalizability to understand slums, their population, and evolution within the global context. We argue that to develop a more comprehensive framework that can be used to detect and map slums, other emerging sourcing of geospatial data should be considered (e.g., volunteer geographic information) in conjunction with growing trends and advancements in technology (e.g., geosensor networks). Through such data integration and analysis we can then create a benchmark for determining the most suitable methods for mapping slums in a given locality, thus fostering the creation of new approaches to address this challenge.

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“…They were selected to be relatively unaffected by seascape size (expressed as proportion or density) to facilitate comparison among estuaries and local seascapes of varying sizes. For mean-based metrics, the area-weighted mean was preferred to the arithmetic mean because it better reflects the overall conditions that fish can experience across the whole seascape (McGarigal, 2002). Land was excluded from the calculation of the metrics.…”

Section: Intertidal Structure and Spatial Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of intertidal seascape on the functional structure of fish assemblages: Implications for habitat conservation in estuarine ecosystems

Teichert

Carassou

Sahraoui

et al. 2018

Aquatic Conservation

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Habitat loss and fragmentation remain major threats in estuaries, particularly with respect to the erosion of intertidal areas that provide shelter and food resources for numerous fish species. Improving our understanding of the fauna–intertidal seascape relationship is thus of critical importance. Here, the seascapes of 24 tidal estuaries were compared at multiple spatial scales (from estuary to local) to determine how the spatial structure of intertidal patches affects the abundance of several fish functional groups. For the majority of fish groups, our results support the statement that a large intertidal area can support high fish abundance at both of the studied scales; however, the spatial distribution of patches within estuaries, and especially the presence of large intertidal patches close to the estuary mouth, appeared to be an important feature for both marine and estuarine‐resident fish. It was also shown that habitat fragmentation at the estuary scale is associated with a decline in the abundance of several fish groups, probably as a result of reduced intertidal suitability and accessibility. At the local scale, the area of intertidal–subtidal interface was positively related to fish densities, emphasizing the importance of fish having permanently flooded refuges close to feeding grounds. This study provides essential insights to guide conservation and restoration actions for intertidal areas at both estuary and local scales (10–100 m2), by stressing differences in species sensitivity to seascape modification.

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Landscape Pattern Metrics

Cited by 66 publications

References 29 publications

Spatial resource heterogeneity increases diversity and evolutionary potential

Spatial resource heterogeneity increases diversity and evolutionary potential

A Critical Review of High and Very High-Resolution Remote Sensing Approaches for Detecting and Mapping Slums: Trends, Challenges and Emerging Opportunities

Influence of intertidal seascape on the functional structure of fish assemblages: Implications for habitat conservation in estuarine ecosystems

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