Landscape-Scale Relationships Between Abundance of Marbled Murrelets and Distribution of Nesting Habitat

Raphael, Martin G.; Mack, Diane Evans; Cooper, Brian A.

doi:10.1093/condor/104.2.331

Cited by 21 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Source-sink dynamics for Marbled Murrelet populations appear to conflict with the strong breeding fidelity observed in other alcid species (Birkhead 1977, Ashcroft 1979, Gaston 1992. However, an unknown number of breeding murrelets are displaced by the logging of their nesting habitat and may need to range far in search of available habitat because they do not appear to pack into remaining nesting habitat after logging (Burger 2001, Raphael et al 2002. Moreover, one of 98 Marbled Murrelets radio-marked during the breeding season in central California was detected moving .300 km north to at-sea areas used by the murrelet population in northern California (M. Z.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Demographic and Count-Based Approaches to Identify Source–sink Dynamics of a Threatened Seabird

Peery

Becker

Beissinger

2006

Ecological Applications

108

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Identifying source-sink dynamics is of fundamental importance for conservation but is often limited by an inability to determine how immigration and emigration influence population processes. We demonstrate two ways to assess the role of immigration on population processes without directly observing individuals dispersing from one population to another and apply these methods to a population of Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) in California (USA). In the first method, the rate of immigration (i) is estimated by subtracting local recruitment (recruitment from within the population due to reproduction) estimated with demographic data from total recruitment (f; recruitment from within the population plus recruitment from other populations) estimated using temporal symmetry mark-recapture models developed by R. Pradel. The second method compares population growth rates estimated with temporal symmetry models (lambdaTS) and/or population growth rates estimated from counts of individuals over multiple sampling periods (lambdaC) with growth estimates from a stage-structured projection matrix model (lambdaM). Both lambdaTS and lambdaC incorporate all demographic processes affecting population change (birth, death, immigration, and emigration), whereas matrix models are usually constructed without incorporating immigration. Thus, if lambdaTS and lambdaC are > or = 1 and lambdaM < 1, the population is sustained by immigration and is considered to be a sink. Using the first method, recruitment estimated with temporal symmetry models was high (f= 0.182, SE = 0.058), the mean adult birth rate, as estimated using the ratio of juveniles to > or = 1 year old individuals (observed during ship-based surveys) was low (bA = 0.039, SE = 0.014), and immigration was 0.160 (SE = 0.057). Using the second method, murrelet numbers in central California were stable (lambdaC = 1.058, SE = 0.047; lambdaTS = 1.064, SE = 0.033), but were projected to decline 9.5% annually in the absence of immigration (lambdaM = 0.905, SE = 0.053). Our results suggest that Marbled Murrelets in central California represent a sink population that is stable but would decline in the absence of immigration from larger populations to the north. However, the extent to which modeled immigration is due to permanent recruitment or temporarily dispersing individuals that simply mask population declines is uncertain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Demographic and Count-Based Approaches to Identify Source–sink Dynamics of a Threatened Seabird

Peery

Becker

Beissinger

2006

Ecological Applications

108

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“…However, like NEXRAD, marine radar generally is not capable of differentiating bird and bat targets. Although it has long been assumed that marine radar can be used to document the presence and flight activity of bird targets , Mabee and Cooper 2004, Raphael et al 2002, Day et al 2005, researchers have recently acknowledged that images derived from marine radar targets also include bats Livingston 2006, Larkin 2006).…”

Section: Radio Detection and Ranging (Radar)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Impacts of Wind‐Energy Development on Nocturnally Active Birds and Bats: A Guidance Document

et al. 2007

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Our purpose is to provide researchers, consultants, decision‐makers, and other stakeholders with guidance to methods and metrics for investigating nocturnally active birds and bats in relation to utility‐scale wind‐energy development. The primary objectives of such studies are to 1) assess potential impacts on resident and migratory species, 2) quantify fatality rates on resident and migratory populations, 3) determine the causes of bird and bat fatalities, and 4) develop, assess, and implement methods for reducing risks to bird and bat populations and their habitats. We describe methods and tools and their uses, discuss limitations, assumptions, and data interpretation, present case studies and examples, and offer suggestions for improving studies on nocturnally active birds and bats in relation to wind‐energy development. We suggest best practices for research and monitoring studies using selected methods and metrics, but this is not intended as cookbook. We caution that each proposed and executed study will be different, and that decisions about which methods and metrics to use will depend upon several considerations, including study objectives, expected and realized risks to bird and bat populations, as well as budgetary and logistical considerations. Developed to complement and extend the existing National Wind Coordinating Committee document “Methods and Metrics for Assessing Impacts of Wind Energy Facilities on Wildlife” (Anderson et al. 1999), we provide information that stakeholders can use to aid in evaluating potential and actual impacts of wind power development on nocturnally active birds and bats. We hope that decision‐makers will find these guidelines helpful as they assemble information needed to support the permitting process, and that the public will use this guidance document as they participate in the permitting processes. We further hope that the wind industry will find valuable guidance from this document when 1) complying with data requirements as a part of the permitting process, 2) evaluating sites for potential development, 3) assessing impacts of operational wind‐energy facilities, and 4) mitigating local and cumulative impacts on nocturnally active birds and bats.

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“…Marine radar has also been used to monitor numbers and flight behaviour of threatened seabird species, such as petrels and shearwaters, terns, murrelets and other small auks as they move between breeding and feeding areas (Day and Cooper 1995, Cooper et al 2001, Raphael et al 2002, Day et al 2003, Hamer et al 2005, Cragg et al 2016, Urmy and Warren 2017, often during the night or at dawn and dusk. In murrelets, counts by marine radar cover much larger areas compared to audio-visual surveys or autonomous acoustic recording, but radar identification of murrelets proved unreliable in winds exceeding 18 km h -1 : strong tail winds increased flight speeds of all birds and head winds reduced them; in either case, differentiating murrelets from slower flying birds became problematic (Cragg et al 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives and challenges for the use of radar in biological conservation

et al. 2019

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Radar is at the forefront for the study of broad‐scale aerial movements of birds, bats and insects and related issues in biological conservation. Radar techniques are especially useful for investigating species which fly at high altitudes, in darkness, or which are too small for applying electronic tags. Here, we present an overview of radar applications in biological conservation and highlight its future possibilities. Depending on the type of radar, information can be gathered on local‐ to continental‐scale movements of airborne organisms and their behaviour. Such data can quantify flyway usage, biomass and nutrient transport (bioflow), population sizes, dynamics and distributions, times and dimensions of movements, areas and times of mass emergence and swarming, habitat use and activity ranges. Radar also captures behavioural responses to anthropogenic disturbances, artificial light and man‐made structures. Weather surveillance and other long‐range radar networks allow spatially broad overviews of important stopover areas, songbird mass roosts and emergences from bat caves. Mobile radars, including repurposed marine radars and commercially dedicated ‘bird radars’, offer the ability to track and monitor the local movements of individuals or groups of flying animals. Harmonic radar techniques have been used for tracking short‐range movements of insects and other small animals of conservation interest. However, a major challenge in aeroecology is determining the taxonomic identity of the targets, which often requires ancillary data obtained from other methods. Radar data have become a global source of information on ecosystem structure, composition, services and function and will play an increasing role in the monitoring and conservation of flying animals and threatened habitats worldwide.

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Landscape-Scale Relationships Between Abundance of Marbled Murrelets and Distribution of Nesting Habitat

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

Combining Demographic and Count-Based Approaches to Identify Source–sink Dynamics of a Threatened Seabird

Combining Demographic and Count-Based Approaches to Identify Source–sink Dynamics of a Threatened Seabird

Assessing Impacts of Wind‐Energy Development on Nocturnally Active Birds and Bats: A Guidance Document

Perspectives and challenges for the use of radar in biological conservation

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