Landslide Hazard Assessment Map as an Element Supporting Spatial Planning: The Flysch Carpathians Region Study

Abstract

Landslides and rock falls are among the many phenomena that have an impact on sustainable construction and infrastructure safety. The main causes of landslides are natural meteorological and hydrological phenomena. In building design and construction, environmental monitoring by identifying geotechnical hazards must be taken into account, as appropriate hazard assessment contributes to ensuring future construction safety. The Carpathian region in southern Poland is particularly predisposed to landslide formation. This may be favored by the nature of the shapes associated with the high and steep slopes of the region’s valleys. Another reason for concern is the flysch geological structure, which is characterized by alternating layers of water-permeable sandstones and poorly permeable shales, clays, and marls. Furthermore, the presence of a quaternary weathering cover makes the geological structure more susceptible to landslide processes and tectonic formations. The paper presents the results of a study whose aim was to elaborate a detailed landslide hazard map for a selected area in the Polish Carpathians, using statistical methods. The approach is based on the Hellwig method, which seems particularly useful in the assessment of susceptibility and landslide hazards on a local scale for a relatively small area. A two-stage study was conducted. The first stage of the research involved the creation of a database associated with environmental parameters and triggering factors, whereas the second stage consisted of the adoption of weights for seven thematic sections and their special features on the basis of expert knowledge. The hazard map developed as a result was compared to the mapping made using the weight-of-evidence method. The proposed data normalization method allows the use and analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data collected from various sources. The advantage of this method is the simple calculation procedure. A large-scale (1:2000) map might be used to assess the landslide hazard for specific cadastral units. Such a map becomes the basis for municipal spatial planning and may be able to influence investment decisions. Detailed landslide hazard maps are crucial for more precise risk evaluation for specific cadastral units. This, in turn, allows one to reduce serious economic and social losses, which might be the future results of landslides.

Analysis of the Sustainable Development Index in the Communes of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship: A Polish Case Study

“…Linear order was chosen as the procedure, as it is a method used in multidimensional comparative analysis (MCA) and uses simple calculations [82]. The effect of the analyses performed using the proposed method is to sort objects from best to worst, and the ordering criterion is the level of a complex phenomenon-in other words, the end result is a ranking (Supplementary File S1).…”

Soil erodibility mapping for soil susceptibility in the upstream of Kelara Subwatershed in Jeneponto Regency

“…Various regional susceptibility maps related to landslides and flash floods have been made by ESDM [7] to take early mitigation actions against disaster events. However, the potential and magnitude of the event cannot be estimated because the geobiophysical conditions of each region are different [8] and very dynamic [9], so the extent of the impact cannot be evaluated at this time. So it is important to make a map of the ability of the land to not experience landslides which can trigger flash floods.…”

Application of bagging, boosting and stacking ensemble and EasyEnsemble methods to landslide susceptibility mapping in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of China

“…The Three Gorges Reservoir project has large potential influences on the environment, geological disasters and the social economy, and the region has received extensive attention. More than 2,500 slope failure sites are known in this area (Skrzypczak et al 2021;Zou et al 2021;; due to the construction of dams, the risk of landslides in the area has increased, and these landslides have 35 huge potential risks. If an effective and accurate landslide susceptibility prediction system can be established, the extent of losses caused by landslide disasters will be minimized (Nsengiyumva and Valentino 2020).…”