Landslide inventory and susceptibility assessment using multiple statistical approaches along the Karakoram highway, northern Pakistan

Hussain, Mian Luqman; Shafique, Muhammad; Chen, Xiaoqing; Chen, Huayong

doi:10.1007/s11629-020-6145-9

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…13 , 14 ), which show faults as a main trigger. KKH is passing through most seismic active part of the world where fault and shear zones show a strong influence on landslide activities in the area 7 .Quaternary Deposits (Q) and Southern Karakoram metamorphic Complex (SKm) lithological units were estimated as more prone to landslide in this work which was also assessed by 8 , 32 . The area is semiarid but in the monsoon season high precipitation is experienced by the region and debris flow, scree slope failure and sometime rockfall events damage the road every year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In this research work, the six most responsible factors were evaluated to figure out the correlation with slope failure activities in the area according to all previous studies 7 , 8 , 12 , 32 . In the low terrains, debris flow events are found in many locations along KKH 46 , and 15–60 degrees of sloppy traces were traced to have a more destabilize slope 32 . During rainy seasons loose material from historical landslides flows down and damages KKH frequently.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Landslide inventory maps are developed for a variety of reasons, such as identifying the location and type of landslides in a given area, illustrating the effects of a single landslide-triggering event, such as an earthquake, an intense rainfall event, or a rapid snowmelt event, highlighting the abundance of mass movements, calculating the frequency-area statistics of slope failures, and supplying pertinent data to build landslide susceptibility models or hazard models 30 . In this study, 234 landslides were mapped using past studies 7 , 8 , 12 , 28 , 31 , 32 , optical imagery interpretation techniques, and fieldwork of the area (Figs. 4 , 5 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Landslide detection and inventory updating using the time-series InSAR approach along the Karakoram Highway, Northern Pakistan

Hussain

Pan

Afzal

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Karakoram Highway (KKH) is frequently disrupted by geological hazards mainly landslides which pose a serious threat to its normal operation. Using documented inventory, optical imagery interpretation, and frequency-area statistics, the features of slope failure, the spatial distribution, and their link to numerous contributing factors have all been effectively explored along the KKH. An updated inventory for the area was recreated using the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) persistent scatterer (PS) technology to further investigate millimetre-accurate measurements of slope deformation (Vslope). Utilizing the PS approach, Sentinel-1 data from Jan 2018 to Jan 2022 were processed by which we obtained a deformation rate (VSlope) that varies between 0 and 364 mm/year. A total number of 234 landslides were cited from the literature and classified while 29 new potential landslides were detected and several pre-existing landslides were redefined by the InSAR approach, which was incorporated to generate an updated landslide susceptibility model with 86.6% of prediction precision in the area under curve method. As previous studies done by applying the InSAR technique incorporated a short span temporally and they missed some highly deforming zones like Budalas and Khanabad landslides, contain mean velocities > 50 mm/yr, which we studied individually in this work. In this study, a comprehensive application of the InSAR technique to assessing its performance in detecting and analysing landslides has been applied. The deformation velocity (Vslope) model shows high displacement in some regions, which needed to be further investigated by geoscientists, and the updated developed landslide inventory and susceptibility map can be used for land use planning and landslide mitigation strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Landslide detection and inventory updating using the time-series InSAR approach along the Karakoram Highway, Northern Pakistan

Hussain

Pan

Afzal

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Most of the landslides in the study area are scree as shown in (Table 3), the scree material in the study area is highly hazardous because of different reasons. Firstly because it moves down the slope and blocks the road during the heavy rainfall, secondly, this loose material deposited at the foothill in the drainage basins can easily be reactivated and dragged by flash flood/GLOF in heavy rainfall [48]. The impacts of rockfalls and debris flows are frequent with devastating impacts in the area [76].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geological and geological structural maps are collected from published maps of the Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP) at the scale of 1:50,000. The landslide inventory and road network are digitized from the Google Earth Pro images [48,49]. The elements at risk data used in the study include building footprints, roads network, rivers, population density, and land cover.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional scale landslide risk assessment using field and remote sensing data in a semi-quantitative approach in Chitral, northern Pakistan

Shah,

Shafique,

Ishfaq

2024

Preprint

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Landslides are devastating natural hazards in mountain terrain with significant impacts on the society and economy. The upper Chitral is part of the eastern Hindu Kush ranges and is frequently prone to widespread and damaging landslides, debris flow, and floods. Therefore, it is critical to assess the landslide hazard and their social, economic and environmental impacts, to contribute to disaster risk reduction. This study aims to assess the landslide hazard assessment utilizing the causative and triggering factors and evaluate the physical, social and environmental vulnerability and risk assessment. An extensive field has been conducted to develop a comprehensive landslide inventory and their distribution into different categories. The landslide causative parameters (geological, topographical and anthropogenic) are compared with the landslide inventory using a bivariate statistical model to develop a landslide susceptibility map with an accuracy of 89%. Moreover, building topology data has been acquired for more than 19,000 buildings to evaluate their proneness to landslides. Multi-criteria evaluation techniques have been used to determine the landslide's induced physical, environmental and social vulnerability, which is subsequently integrated with landslide hazard to assess risk. The results show that 28.3% of the total area is highly susceptible to land sliding. Furthermore, the impact of the predicted landslides explicates that 90% of the building/population is living in a very high-risk zone, while the remaining 10% are in a high-risk zone. The study can effectively be used for developing landslide mitigation strategies.

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Characteristics and mechanism of landslides on highway landfill along Xiaolangdi Reservoir of the Yellow River: a case study

Yang,

Chen

2024

Nat Hazards

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On February 17, 2023, a landslide occurred on a highway slope located on the bank of Xiaolangdi Reservoir of the Yellow River, with a volume of about 1,200 m 3 , which directly led to the interruption of the road and had a serious social impact. In this paper, the area where the landslide was located was studied and analyzed by means of field investigation, remote sensing images, laboratory tests and numerical simulation. The evolution pattern of landslide groups under the influence of human engineering activities is traced, and the disaster-causing mechanism of landslides is investigated in terms of climatic factors, water level changes, stress changes, and the nature of the fill. The results indicate that: (1) Water level changes can lead to a decrease in the stability coefficient of ancient landslides, but have no direct effect on the occurrence of landslides.The change of soil stress caused by artificial excavation will change the distribution of soil plastic region, which makes the potential sliding surface changing; (2) Rainfall and temperature are the key elements affecting the fill-type landslides, and the alternating period between winter and 2 spring is the high susceptibility period of landslides; (3) Sandstone stratigraphy undergoes significant expansion and deformation under freeze-thaw action, so additional monitoring of bedrock deformation can be considered when monitoring fill-bedrock slopes.

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Landslide inventory and susceptibility assessment using multiple statistical approaches along the Karakoram highway, northern Pakistan

Cited by 23 publications

References 58 publications

Landslide detection and inventory updating using the time-series InSAR approach along the Karakoram Highway, Northern Pakistan

Landslide detection and inventory updating using the time-series InSAR approach along the Karakoram Highway, Northern Pakistan

Regional scale landslide risk assessment using field and remote sensing data in a semi-quantitative approach in Chitral, northern Pakistan

Characteristics and mechanism of landslides on highway landfill along Xiaolangdi Reservoir of the Yellow River: a case study

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