Landslide susceptibility mapping of Noklak Town, Nagaland, North‐east India using bivariate statistical method

Abstract

The increasing frequency of landslides has become a matter of concern in Nagaland, a north‐eastern state of India. Noklak town, the administrative headquarter of the Noklak district in the eastern part of Nagaland bordering Myanmar, is also affected by slope stability issues. A major landslide in 1980 caused major damage to parts of the township. The problem has grown in magnitude and influence over the last four decades, damaging an area of about 1.84 km2 and several households. Slope movements have caused immense distress to the local populace by posing a constant threat to nearly one‐fourth of the town's built‐up area, roads, and cultivated tracts. Surface instability has also hampered India's Act East policy with South‐east Asian countries by disrupting the sole motorable route to the International Trade Centre at Dan (Pangsha), between India and Myanmar. A landslide susceptibility map (LSM) was generated using the Bivariate Yule coefficient (Yc) method. The LSM delineates the study area into three categories, with 23%, 23%, and 54% in high, moderate, and low susceptible zones, respectively. This was superimposed with elements such as buildings, population, roads, and cultivated tracts to assess the effects of landslides on the population and infrastructure. From the present study, it is estimated that 334 buildings, 1235 people, 2.99 km of roads, and 8 ha of cultivated landfall lie within the moderately and highly susceptible zones. Considering the rapid developmental activities that will ensue with the recent upgradation of the subdivision to that of the district, the data generated will be useful for urban sprawl and land use planning, to minimise and mitigate the loss of life and property due to landslides.

Spatial implementation of frequency ratio, statistical index and index of entropy models for landslide susceptibility mapping in Al-Balouta river basin, Tartous Governorate, Syria

“…For instance, the road network is built on steep slopes with large loads on slope aspects. These spatial interpretations are consistent with Jamir et al (2022), Das et al (2022) and Yamusa et al (2022).…”

“…Unlike other natural hazards, the landslide risk assessment process is described as complex due to the difficulty of landslide inventorization and the spatial interaction between the motivating factors (Naceur et al 2022;Jana et al 2019;Valiante et al 2021;Hateffard et al 2021). Globally, landslides cause a real threat to life by total or partial destruction of infrastructure projects (Emberson et al 2021;Jamir et al 2022).…”

Introduction, Part 2—Geodynamic evolution of Eastern Himalaya and Indo‐Myanmar orogenic belts: Advances through interdisciplinary studies

“…Jamir et al (2022) prepared a landslide susceptibility map (LSM) of Noklak town of Nagaland, north‐east India based on their susceptibility to landslides and assessed the percentage of the various elements, such as population, buildings, roads, and cultivated land that are affected. It is noticed that a major landslide in 1980 caused major damage to parts of the township.…”

“…Geological map of Eastern Himalaya, Indo‐Myanmar orogenic belt, northern, Central Myanmar, and adjacent areas (modified after Mitchell et al, 2007; Searle et al, 2007; Y. R. Singh, Singh, Singh, et al, 2022). Locations of study area presented in the issue include 1/S2: Kundu and Hazarika (2022); 2/S2: Y. R. Singh, Singh, Singh, et al (2022); 3/S2: Rawat and Luirei (2022); 4/S2: Kayal et al (2022); 5/S2: Choudhury et al (2022); 6/S2: N. M. Sharma et al (2022); 7/S2: Goswami, Gogoi, et al (2022); 8/S2: Bikramaditya et al (2022); 9/S2: Goswami, Kalita, et al (2022); 10/S2: Joshi (2022); 11/S2: Jha and Sharma (2022); 12/S2: Shukla et al (2022); 13/S2: Khonglah et al (2022); 14/S2: Ali and Duarah (2022); 15/S2: Mohanty et al (2022); 16/S2: Chanu et al (2022); 17/S2: Majumdar, Gogoi, and Ghatak (2022); Majumdar, Gogoi, Ghatak, Saikia, et al (2022); 18/S2: Ding et al (2022); 19/S2: Ghose et al (2022); 20/S2: Hussain and Dey (2022); 21/S2: Ozukum et al (2022); 22/S2: Jamir et al (2022); 23/S2: Chaubey et al (2022); 24/S2: Bora, Borah, et al (2022); Bora, Mukherjee, et al (2022); 25/S2: Khuman and Ibotombi (2022); 26/S2: Y. R. Singh, Singh, Singh, et al (2022); 27/S2: Thokchom and Kshetrimayum (2021); 28/S2: Barman et al (2022); 29/S2: V. Sharma and Biswas (2022)…”

The Raj Sabha at Silchang: Dolmens as Administrative Seats of Ancient Khola Kingdom in Assam, India

“…In Manipur, megaliths are found spread over the Naga-dominated areas of the districts of Chandel, Ukhrul, Tamenglong, Senapati, and Churachandpur Binodini Devi 2011). Megaliths are found extensively in the Kohima and Phek districts populated by Angami and others in Nagaland (W. Jamir 1997Jamir , 1998T. Jamir 2004T.…”