Language as expression of identity in Dominica

Christie, Pauline

doi:10.1515/ijsl.1990.85.61

Cited by 10 publications

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“…Christie (2010) also notes the existence of another English‐based variety, Kokoy, spoken in the north‐east region of Dominica but she maintains that this variety is recognisably different from anything within the Dominica Creole English‐Dominican standardised English continuum that she proposes. There is extensive discussion of language shift in Dominica in Christie (1982, 1983, 1990, 1994, 2010) but to my knowledge, Christie's (2010) brief list of features is the most comprehensive description of its grammar available. Irvine (2020) provides a slightly more detailed outline of some of the major features of Dominica Creole English.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

St. Lucia Creole English and Dominica Creole English

Irvine

2020

World Englishes

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This paper provides a comparative sketch of two emergent creoles: St. Lucia Creole English and Dominica Creole English. With very similar circumstances surrounding their formation and emergence, it is expected that they will have many features in common. While this is generally the case, however, this paper also outlines some areas in which their grammars diverge. This research represents original data for varieties that are somewhat under-documented and calls for further data collection and fieldwork to confirm the patterns found here. INTRODUCTIONIn the last 150 years, two new languages have emerged in the Caribbean under very similar circumstances: St. Lucia Creole English and Dominica Creole English. With such closely matched formation processes and varieties contributing to its emergence, it would be reasonable to assume that the language varieties share many of their features. Recent fieldwork in St. Lucia revealed a perception amongst some participants, however, that Dominica's 'dialect' is less 'Standard English-like' than that of St. Lucia. This paper aims to begin exploring whether there are any significant morphosyntactic differences between St. Lucia Creole English and Dominica Creole English. The description below therefore presents a number of features found in both Dominica Creole English and St. Lucia Creole English, followed by some features which appear to be in Dominica Creole English but are infrequent or unattested in St. Lucia Creole English. Due to current data availability, it would not be fruitful to present features that are present in St. Lucia Creole English but not (or not yet) attested in Dominica Creole English. This paper also represents one of very few descriptions available on Dominica Creole English (and St. Lucia Creole English to a lesser extent).The goals of the paper are as follows:a) to provide new data from two currently under-documented varieties, b) to establish the similarities and differences in some of their features, and c) to highlight the need for further documentation, particularly in Dominica.It is also hoped that this new data will eventually contribute to discussions on contact language formation processestheories of creole genesis have been plagued by a lack of evidence due to the scarcity of data from creoles in the early

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

St. Lucia Creole English and Dominica Creole English

Irvine

2020

World Englishes

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Distribution and metabolism of abamectin in larval stages of Spodoptera littoralis boisduval and Heliothis armigera hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Christie

Wright

1991

Pestic. Sci.

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Comparisons were made between the amounts of abamectin and total radioactivity recovered from Spodoptera littoralis and Heliothis armigera larvae after topical application of [3aabamectin. Penetration (as shown by wash-off experiments) did not differ significantly between the Spodoptera instars. Signijicantly more abamectin was recovered from ventral nerve cord samples of larvae showing symptoms of poisoning than from larvae not showing these symptoms. Fifth-instar S . littoralis larvae had a significantly lower proportion of radioactivity as abamectin in the ventral nerve cord than in sixth-instar S . littoralis or fiyth-and sixth-instar H . armigera. The proportion of radioactivity present as abamectin (but not total radioactivity) was significantly increased when the fi'j-th-instar S. littoralis larvae were pre-treated with piperonyl butoxide (PB) suggesting that the relative insensitivity of fiyth-instar S. littoralis larvae to abamectin is due at least in part to greater metabolism, particularly b-v microsomal oxidases. Fat body samples consistently had a greater proportion of radioactivity as abamectin than the nerve cord and the former may act as storage sites for abamectin .

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Some effects of abamectin on neural activity in larval instars of Spodoptera littoralis boisduval and Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1991

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The spontaneous action potential (AP) frequencies recorded from an in‐vivo ventral nerve cord (VNC) preparation of abamectin‐treated insects not showing signs of paralysis (asymptomatic) were significantly (P < 0.05) less than those from untreated insects for fifth‐ and sixth‐instars of Helicoverpa armigera (24 h) and Spodoptera littoralis (24 and 48 h) after topical application of abamectin. There were also significantly (P < 0.05) less APs from abamectin‐treated insects showing signs of paralysis than from asymptomatic abamectin‐treated insects. Significantly (P < 0.05) more radioactivity (and abamectin) was recovered from VNCs of larvae showing signs of poisoning (paralysis) than from asymptomatic‐treated insects. There were also significant (P < 0.001) correlations between the levels of radioactivity (as log dpm) recovered from VNCs and the AP frequency (Hz) after 24 h for both instars and species and after 48 h for S. littoralis. AP frequencies did not decline significantly (P < 0.05) in abamectin‐treated sixth‐ and fifth‐instar S. littoralis larvae until respectively 4 and 8 h after treatment. In conclusion, significant correlations were found in the present study between electrophysiological events in the VNC, visible symptoms of poisoning, and accumulation of abamectin within the VNC. An inverse relationship was found between the levels of abamectin in the VNC and the level of spontaneous nervous activity. These observations are compatible with the VNC being a target site for abamectin. However, the relative importance of the VNC versus peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junctions and muscles as target sites is not known and requires further clarification. No differences in the sensitivity of the VNC to abamectin were found between fifth‐ and sixth‐instar S. littoralis larvae, though there is limited evidence for the H. armigera VNC being less sensitive than the S. littoralis VNC to abamectin.

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Language as expression of identity in Dominica

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

St. Lucia Creole English and Dominica Creole English

St. Lucia Creole English and Dominica Creole English

Distribution and metabolism of abamectin in larval stages of Spodoptera littoralis boisduval and Heliothis armigera hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Some effects of abamectin on neural activity in larval instars of Spodoptera littoralis boisduval and Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

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