Language control in bilinguals: Intention to speak vs. execution of speech

Reverberi, Carlo; Kuhlen, Anna K.; Abutalebi, Jubin; Greulich, R. Stefan; Costa, Albert; Seyed-Allaei, Shima; Haynes, John­–Dylan

doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2015.03.004

Cited by 64 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…However, Blanco-Elorrieta & Pylkkanen (2016) examined cue-directed language switches with magnetoencephalography (MEG), a neuroimaging technique that offers high temporal resolution (i.e., in terms of milliseconds), and showed recruitment of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPC) beginning 400 ms after the presentation of a cue leading to an anticipated switch in production, but this was not observed in comprehension. In contrast with the results obtained byReverberi et al (2015), these findings suggest that bilinguals engage the DLPC when applying proactive control during language production by inhibiting the non-target language and raising the activation level of the target language at the same time.The nature of neural preparatory processes in bilingual language control needs to be specified in the broader context of language activation and selection in general. As we have pointed out earlier, most studies on bilingual language production (and comprehension) have found that bilinguals activate both languages even when they operate in only one language (i.e., parallel language activation).…”

contrasting

confidence: 99%

Brain potentials predict language selection before speech onset in bilinguals

Thierry

2017

Brain and Language

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Studies of language production in bilinguals have seldom considered the fact that language selection likely involves proactive control. Here, we show that Chinese-English bilinguals actively inhibit the language not-to-be used before the onset of a picture to be named. Depending on the nature of a directive cue, participants named a subsequent picture in their native language, in their second language, or remained silent. The cue elicited a contingent negative variation of event-related brain potentials, greater in amplitude when the cue announced a naming trial as compared to when it announced a silent trial. In addition, the negativity was greater in amplitude when the picture was to be named in English than in Chinese, suggesting that preparation for speech in the second language requires more inhibition than preparation for speech in the native language. This result is the first direct neurophysiological evidence consistent with proactive inhibitory control in bilingual production.

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contrasting

confidence: 99%

Brain potentials predict language selection before speech onset in bilinguals

Thierry

2017

Brain and Language

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“…Supporting this conclusion, some studies have recently shown that preparatory processes affect bilingual language selection (e.g., Reverberi et al, 2015;Wu & Thierry, 2017). However, given that variables related to lexicalisation processes were not manipulated in those studies, it is unclear whether these preparatory processes were exerted on lexical representations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, behavioural and neural differences between noncognate and cognate processing indicate that the lexical representations of two languages are simultaneously active (cognate effect; Christoffels, Firk, & Schiller, ). Hence, in the present study, differing from previous research (e.g., Reverberi et al, ; Wu & Thierry, ), we could examine whether activity in middle and anterior vlPFC is modulated by cross‐language competition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Functional connectivity reveals dissociable ventrolateral prefrontal mechanisms for the control of multilingual word retrieval

Branzi

Martin

Carreiras

et al. 2019

Human Brain Mapping

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This functional magnetic resonance imaging study established that different portions of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) support reactive and proactive language control processes during multilingual word retrieval. The study also examined whether proactive language control consists in the suppression of the nontarget lexicon. Healthy multilingual volunteers participated in a task that required them to name pictures alternately in their dominant and less‐dominant languages. Two crucial variables were manipulated: the cue‐target interval (CTI) to either engage (long CTI) or prevent (short CTI) proactive control processes, and the cognate status of the to‐be‐named pictures (noncognates vs. cognates) to capture selective pre‐activation of the target language. The results of the functional connectivity analysis showed a clear segregation between functional networks related to mid‐vlPFC and anterior vlPFC during multilingual language production. Furthermore, the results revealed that multilinguals engage in proactive control to prepare the target language. This proactive modulation, enacted by anterior vlPFC, is achieved by boosting the activation of lexical representations in the target language. Finally, control processes supported by both mid‐vlPFC and the left inferior parietal lobe, were similarly engaged by reactive and proactive control, possibly exerted on phonological representations to reduce cross‐language interference.

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“…Managing two languages is taxing and draws upon broad language and executive control networks. Reverberi et al 69 contrasted intention to speak and the execution of speech in a group of young adult German-English bilinguals. Participants were cued to either prepare to respond in English or German or to subvocalize a response in English or German.…”

Section: Greater Integrity Of White Matter Structures For Bilingualsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of cognitive processing in monolinguals and bilinguals

Grundy

Anderson

Bialystok

2017

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

174

207

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Here we review the neural correlates of cognitive control associated with bilingualism. We demonstrate that lifelong practice managing two languages orchestrates global changes to both the structure and function of the brain. Compared with monolinguals, bilinguals generally show greater gray matter volume, especially in perceptual/motor regions, greater white matter integrity, and greater functional connectivity between gray matter regions. These changes complement electroencephalography findings showing that bilinguals devote neural resources earlier than monolinguals. Parallel functional findings emerge from the functional magnetic resonance imaging literature: bilinguals show reduced frontal activity, suggesting that they do not need to rely on top-down mechanisms to the same extent as monolinguals. This shift for bilinguals to rely more on subcortical/posterior regions, which we term the bilingual anterior-to-posterior and subcortical shift (BAPSS), fits with results from cognitive aging studies and helps to explain why bilinguals experience cognitive decline at later stages of development than monolinguals.

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Language control in bilinguals: Intention to speak vs. execution of speech

Cited by 64 publications

References 50 publications

Brain potentials predict language selection before speech onset in bilinguals

Brain potentials predict language selection before speech onset in bilinguals

Functional connectivity reveals dissociable ventrolateral prefrontal mechanisms for the control of multilingual word retrieval

Neural correlates of cognitive processing in monolinguals and bilinguals

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