Language Organization in the Bilingual and Multilingual Brain

Maschio, Nicola Del; Abutalebi, Jubin

doi:10.1002/9781119387725.ch9

Cited by 33 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…In another classic study, Ianco-Worrall (1972) found that bilingual children, defined as those who were exposed to two languages regularly and who demonstrated competence in those languages, realize the arbitrary nature of the mapping from a word’s sound to its meaning earlier than monolinguals, suggesting bilinguals have advanced semantic knowledge. The comparison of bilinguals and monolinguals has also been used in more contemporary research, and a large number of studies have found differences in group comparisons of monolinguals and bilinguals, across cognitive (Bialystok, 2004; Costa et al, 2009; Prior & Macwhinney, 2010; Zirnstein et al, 2018), neuroscientific (see Del Maschio & Abutalebi, 2019; Pliatsikas & Schweiter, 2019 for reviews), and linguistic domains (e.g., Byers-Heinlein et al, 2010; Kaushanskaya & Marian, 2009; Sebastián-Gallés et al, 2012), among many other subfields of study.…”

Section: Current Models and Definitions Of Bilingualismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why not both? Rethinking categorical and continuous approaches to bilingualism

Kremin

Byers‐Heinlein

2021

International Journal of Bilingualism

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Aims and Objectives: Bilingualism is a complex construct, and it can be difficult to define and model. This paper proposes that the field of bilingualism can draw from other fields of psychology, by integrating advanced psychometric models that incorporate both categorical and continuous properties. These models can unify the widespread use of bilingual and monolingual groups that exist in the literature with recent proposals that bilingualism should be viewed as a continuous variable. Approach: In the paper, we highlight two models of potential interest: the factor mixture model and the grade-of-membership model. These models simultaneously allow for the formation of different categories of speakers and for continuous variation to exist within these categories. We discuss how these models could be implemented in bilingualism research, including how to develop these models. When using either of the two models, researchers can conduct their analyses on either the categorical or continuous information, or a combination of the two, depending on which is most appropriate to address their research question. Conclusions: The field of bilingualism research could benefit from incorporating more complex models into definitions of bilingualism. To help various subfields of bilingualism research converge on appropriate models, we encourage researchers to pre-register their model selection and planned analyses, as well as to share their data and analysis scripts. Originality: The paper uniquely proposes the incorporation of advanced statistical psychometric methods for defining and modeling bilingualism. Significance: Conceptualizing bilingualism within the context of these more flexible models will allow a wide variety of research questions to be addressed. Ultimately, this will help to advance theory and lead to a fuller and deeper understanding of bilingualism.

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Section: Current Models and Definitions Of Bilingualismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why not both? Rethinking categorical and continuous approaches to bilingualism

Kremin

Byers‐Heinlein

2021

International Journal of Bilingualism

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“…Brain activity for the contrast English > German speech production. The arrows point at the left lateral sensori-motor cortex (1), left inferior frontal gyrus (2), left anterior insula (3), and bilateral cerebellar lobule VI (4). Images are in radiological convention (the left hemisphere is seen on the right).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the advent of non-invasive methods of brain research, such as event-related potentials (ERPs), positron emission tomography (PET), and functional MRI (FMRI), the neural correlates of bilingual speech and language production became readily accessible to scientific research, contributing to the extensive increase of published studies on bilingualism in the past two decades (2). Numerous studies demonstrated that L2 production relies on neural systems that are also used in monolinguals, with often increased brain activity for L2 production due to cross-linguistic interference during lexical retrieval, articulatory planning, articulation, and auditory and sensory feedback (3). Most work on the organization of the bilingual brain has been performed on the lexical and syntactic level (4, 5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional MRI of native and non-native speech production in sequential German-English bilinguals

Treutler

Sörös

2021

Preprint

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Bilingualism and multilingualism are highly prevalent. Non-invasive brain imaging has been used to study the neural correlates of native (L1) and non-native (L2) speech and language production, mainly on the lexical and syntactic level. Here, we acquired continuous fast event-related FMRI during visually cued overt production of exclusively German and English vowels and syllables. We analyzed data from 13 university students, native speakers of German and sequential English bilinguals. The production of non-native English sounds was associated with increased activity of the left primary sensori-motor cortex, bilateral cerebellar hemispheres (lobule VI), left inferior frontal gyrus, and left anterior insula compared to native German sounds. The contrast German > English sounds was not statistically significant. Our results emphasize that the production of non-native speech requires additional neural resources already on a basic phonological level in sequential bilinguals.

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“…Numerous studies demonstrated that L2 production relies on neural systems that are also used in monolinguals, with often increased brain activity for L2 production due to cross-linguistic interference during lexical retrieval, articulatory planning, articulation, and auditory and sensory feedback ( Del Maschio and Abutalebi, 2019 ). Most work on the organization of the bilingual brain has been performed on the word and sentence level ( Sabourin, 2014 ; Kroll et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional MRI of Native and Non-native Speech Sound Production in Sequential German-English Bilinguals

Treutler

Sörös

2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Bilingualism and multilingualism are highly prevalent. Non-invasive brain imaging has been used to study the neural correlates of native and non-native speech and language production, mainly on the lexical and syntactic level. Here, we acquired continuous fast event-related FMRI during visually cued overt production of exclusively German and English vowels and syllables. We analyzed data from 13 university students, native speakers of German and sequential English bilinguals. The production of non-native English sounds was associated with increased activity of the left primary sensorimotor cortex, bilateral cerebellar hemispheres (lobule VI), left inferior frontal gyrus, and left anterior insula compared to native German sounds. The contrast German > English sounds was not statistically significant. Our results emphasize that the production of non-native speech requires additional neural resources already on a basic phonological level in sequential bilinguals.

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Language Organization in the Bilingual and Multilingual Brain

Cited by 33 publications

References 122 publications

Why not both? Rethinking categorical and continuous approaches to bilingualism

Why not both? Rethinking categorical and continuous approaches to bilingualism

Functional MRI of native and non-native speech production in sequential German-English bilinguals

Functional MRI of Native and Non-native Speech Sound Production in Sequential German-English Bilinguals

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