LanguageRefer: Spatial-Language Model for 3D Visual Grounding

Abstract

To realize robots that can understand human instructions and perform meaningful tasks in the near future, it is important to develop learned models that can understand referential language to identify common objects in real-world 3D scenes. In this paper, we develop a spatial-language model for a 3D visual grounding problem. Specifically, given a reconstructed 3D scene in the form of a point cloud with 3D bounding boxes of potential object candidates, and a language utterance referring to a target object in the scene, our model identifies the target object from a set of potential candidates. Our spatial-language model uses a transformer-based architecture that combines spatial embedding from boundingbox with a finetuned language embedding from DistilBert [1] and reasons among the objects in the 3D scene to find the target object. We show that our model performs competitively on visio-linguistic datasets proposed by ReferIt3D [2]. We provide additional analysis of performance in spatial reasoning tasks decoupled from perception noise, the effect of view-dependent utterances in terms of accuracy, and view-point annotations for potential robotics applications. Project website: https://sites.google.com/view/language-refer.