In this paper we consider the stochastic primitive equation for geophysical flows subject to transport noise and turbulent pressure. Admitting very rough noise terms, the global existence and uniqueness of solutions to this stochastic partial differential equation are proven using stochastic maximal L 2regularity, the theory of critical spaces for stochastic evolution equations, and global a priori bounds. Compared to other results in this direction, we do not need any smallness assumption on the transport noise which acts directly on the velocity field and we also allow rougher noise terms. The adaptation to Stratonovich type noise and, more generally, to variable viscosity and/or conductivity are discussed as well. Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Preliminaries 6 3. Local and global existence in the strong-weak setting 8 4. L 2 -estimates for the linearized problem 14 5. Proof of the main results in the strong-weak setting 21 6. Local and global existence in the strong-strong setting 39 7. Inhomogeneous viscosity and conductivity 49 8. Transport noise of Stratonovich type 55 Appendix A. Kadlec's formulas 59 References 62