Large animals as potential models of human mental and behavioral disorders

Danek, Michał; Daněk, J.; Araszkiewicz, Aleksander

doi:10.12740/pp/74304

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Alterations in RSNs, correlating with the progression and severity of the diseases, can be found in the absence of structural lesions indicating the sensitivity of this method [18]. The role of the dog as an established large animal translational model has been increasingly recognized in multiple research fields of neuroscience including mental disorders [19,20], aging [21] and naturally occurring neurological diseases such as epilepsy [22,23]. Many questions are open regarding similarities and differences between these diseases in humans and dogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting state networks of the canine brain under sevoflurane anaesthesia

et al. 2020

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Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) has become an established technique in humans and reliably determines several resting state networks (RSNs) simultaneously. Limited data exist about RSN in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the RSNs in 10 healthy beagle dogs using a 3 tesla MRI scanner and subsequently perform group-level independent component analysis (ICA) to identify functionally connected brain networks. Rs-fMRI sequences were performed under steady state sevoflurane inhalation anaesthesia. Anaesthetic depth was titrated to the minimum level needed for immobilisation and mechanical ventilation of the patient. This required a sevoflurane MAC between 0.8 to 1.2. Group-level ICA dimensionality of 20 components revealed distributed sensory, motor and higher-order networks in the dogs' brain. We identified in total 7 RSNs (default mode, primary and higher order visual, auditory, two putative motor-somatosensory and one putative somatosensory), which are common to other mammals including humans. Identified RSN are remarkably similar to those identified in awake dogs. This study proves the feasibility of rs-fMRI in anesthetized dogs and describes several RSNs, which may set the basis for investigating pathophysiological characteristics of various canine brain diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting state networks of the canine brain under sevoflurane anaesthesia

et al. 2020

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“…Although the pig is a very good model for nutritional and cognitive studies, there are dimensions of eating behaviour that cannot be modelled with it, such as psychological and cultural influences. For example, even if a pig model of anorexia nervosa can mimic metabolic and behavioural symptoms, it has nothing to do with the real disease (Danek et al, 2017). Similarly, an individual history leading someone to become obese or food-addict cannot be strictly reproduced in the animal.…”

Section: Critical Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Impact of food, gut–brain signals and metabolic status on brain activity in the pig model: 10 years of nutrition research using in vivo brain imaging

Val‐Laillet

2019

Animal

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The purpose of this review is to offer a panorama on 10 years of nutrition research using in vivo brain imaging in the pig model. First, we will review some work describing the brain responses to food signals, including basic tastants such as sweet and bitter at both oral and visceral levels, as well as conditioned preferred and aversive flavours. Second, we will have a look at the impact of weight gain and obesity on brain metabolism and functional responses, drawing the parallel with obese human patients. Third, we will evoke the concept of the developmental origins of health and diseases, and how the pig model can shed light on the importance of maternal nutrition during gestation and lactation for the development of the gut-brain axis and adaptation abilities of the progeny to nutritional environments. Finally, three examples of preventive or therapeutic strategies will be introduced: the use of sensory food ingredients or pre-, pro-, and postbiotics to improve metabolic and cognitive functions; the implementation of chronic vagus nerve stimulation to prevent weight gain and glucose metabolism alterations; and the development of bariatric surgery in the pig model for the understanding of its complex mechanisms at the gut-brain level. A critical conclusion will brush the limitations of neurocognitive studies in the pig model and put in perspective the rationale and ethical concerns underlying the use of pig experimentation in nutrition and neurosciences. ImplicationsThe purpose of this review is to offer a panorama on 10 years of nutrition research using in vivo brain imaging in the pig model, and to improve the understanding of the gut-brain axis factors modulating brain activity. This research has implications in the context of animal and human nutrition and health, covering the scope of animal production as well as translational medicine. In addition to the original insight these provide in neurocognitive and developmental sciences, the scientific studies presented here are valuable for the development of new preventive, diagnosis and therapeutics solutions to fight against nutritional and behavioural disorders.

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“…Similarly to humans, animals also suffer from neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD in dogs, Huntington's disease (HD) in sheep or PD in dogs, horses and pigs (8). Most of the OLGs-related studies on AD, MS, PD or MSA have been carried out on a transgenic mouse model (27).…”

Section: Formation Of the Myelin Sheathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oligodendrocytes: Morphology, functions and involvement in neurodegenerative diseases

Krawczyk-Marć¹,

Wawrzyniak²,

Łuszczewska-Sierakowska³

et al. 2019

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS). They are a highly specialized type of glial cell in the CNS of vertebrates, which guarantee the transmission of action potentials over long distances by producing a myelin sheath that wraps adjacent axons. Although they are often credited merely with participation in myelination, recent research has led to a radical change in the understanding the role of these glial cells. OLs are currently understood to be plastic and adaptive cells, capable of responding quickly to changes taking place in the spatial neuronal network in the CNS. Due to their complex differentiation process and their physiology, OLs are among the most sensitive cells in the CNS. Finding answers about their interactions with other types of glial cells may result in benefits in the form of neuroprotection and axon plasticity. Damage to OLs and the myelin sheath is one of processes contributing to the development of crippling neurological diseases, although the role of these cells in neurodegeneration remains controversial. This article not only presents OLs as cells whose ultimate goal is to produce myelin sheaths, but also discusses their involvement in neurodegenerative diseases.

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Large animals as potential models of human mental and behavioral disorders

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Resting state networks of the canine brain under sevoflurane anaesthesia

Resting state networks of the canine brain under sevoflurane anaesthesia

Review: Impact of food, gut–brain signals and metabolic status on brain activity in the pig model: 10 years of nutrition research using in vivo brain imaging

Oligodendrocytes: Morphology, functions and involvement in neurodegenerative diseases

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