Large-Area Electrostatic-Valved Skins for Adaptive Flow Control on Ornithopter Wings

Liger, M.; Pornsin-Sirirak, Nick; Tai, Yu‐Chong; Ho, Steve; Ho, Chih‐Ming

doi:10.31438/trf.hh2002.62

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…To enhance propulsive efficiency or control, the fabrication process could be expanded to include embedded micro-actuators into the wing. Active materials would be able to control deformation of individual wings, or more directly adjust the pressure distribution over the wing, as with the electrostatic valves in [35]. Insects do not use active musculature, but such innovations may prove to be superior to biological steering mechanisms.…”

Section: Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial insect wings of diverse morphology for flapping-wing micro air vehicles

et al. 2009

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Abstract. The development of flapping-wing micro air vehicles (MAVs) demands a systematic exploration of the available design space to identify ways in which the unsteady mechanisms governing flapping-wing flight can best be utilized for producing optimal thrust or maneuverability. Mimicking the wing kinematics of biological flight requires examining the potential effects of wing morphology on flight performance, as wings may be specially adapted for flapping flight. For example, insect wings passively deform during flight, leading to instantaneous and potentially unpredictable changes in aerodynamic behavior. Previous studies have postulated various explanations for insect wing complexity, but there lacks a systematic approach for experimentally examining the functional significance of components of wing morphology, and for determining whether or not natural design principles can or should be used for MAVs. In this work, a novel fabrication process to create centimeter-scale wings of great complexity is introduced; via this process, a wing can be fabricated with a large range of desired mechanical and geometric characteristics. We demonstrate the versatility of the process through the creation of planar, insect-like wings with biomimetic venation patterns that approximate the mechanical properties of their natural counterparts under static loads. This process will provide a platform for studies investigating the effects of wing morphology on flight dynamics, which may lead to the design of highly maneuverable and efficient MAVs and insight into the functional morphology of natural wings.

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Section: Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial insect wings of diverse morphology for flapping-wing micro air vehicles

et al. 2009

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“…However, these studies, which were mostly performed on insect wings, were based on the assumption of rigid wing models. In spite of numerous attempts to use biomimetic or biomorphic designs and smart materials in the development of mechanical flapping devices for flexible passive wing motions [11][12][13][14][15][16], very few papers have dealt with the development of active or adaptive flapping wings for the improvement of aerodynamic performance [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind tunnel tests for a flapping wing model with a changeable camber using macro-fiber composite actuators

Kim

Han

Kwon

2009

Smart Mater. Struct.

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In the present study, a biomimetic flexible flapping wing was developed on a real ornithopter scale by using macro-fiber composite (MFC) actuators. With the actuators, the maximum camber of the wing can be linearly changed from −2.6% to +4.4% of the maximum chord length. Aerodynamic tests were carried out in a low-speed wind tunnel to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics, particularly the camber effect, the chordwise flexibility effect and the unsteady effect. Although the chordwise wing flexibility reduces the effective angle of attack, the maximum lift coefficient can be increased by the MFC actuators up to 24.4% in a static condition. Note also that the mean values of the perpendicular force coefficient rise to a value of considerably more than 3 in an unsteady aerodynamic flow region. Additionally, particle image velocimetry (PIV) tests were performed in static and dynamic test conditions to validate the flexibility and unsteady effects. The static PIV results confirm that the effective angle of attack is reduced by the coupling of the chordwise flexibility and the aerodynamic force, resulting in a delay in the stall phenomena. In contrast to the quasi-steady flow condition of a relatively high advance ratio, the unsteady aerodynamic effect due to a leading edge vortex can be found along the wing span in a low advance ratio region. The overall results show that the chordwise wing flexibility can produce a positive effect on flapping aerodynamic characteristics in quasi-steady and unsteady flow regions; thus, wing flexibility should be considered in the design of efficient flapping wings.

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“…The basic technology involved in parylene-packaged pentacene TFT is the parylene/metal skin technology (10) (11). The simplified fabrication process is illustrated in Figure 2.…”

Section: Device Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Fabrication and Characterization of Parylene-Packaged Thin-Film Transistors

Tai

2006

ECS Trans.

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A micro-fabricated parylene-packaged flexible pentacene thin film transistor is presented. Different from preceding devices that have been reported, this thin film transistor employs parylene as the substrate, the gate insulator and also the encapsulation layer. Also, this thin film transistor uses pentacene, an organic semiconductor with high mobility, as the active material. The transistor consists of Au/Cr gates and Au source and drain electrodes and takes a bottom-contact configuration. The freshly made thin film transistor shows a hole mobility of 0.084809 cm2/V-s with an on-off ratio of 104.

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Large-Area Electrostatic-Valved Skins for Adaptive Flow Control on Ornithopter Wings

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Artificial insect wings of diverse morphology for flapping-wing micro air vehicles

Artificial insect wings of diverse morphology for flapping-wing micro air vehicles

Wind tunnel tests for a flapping wing model with a changeable camber using macro-fiber composite actuators

Design, Fabrication and Characterization of Parylene-Packaged Thin-Film Transistors

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