Large-area metal foams with highly ordered sub-micrometer-scale pores for potential applications in energy areas

Three-Dimensional Continuous Conductive Nanostructure for Highly Sensitive and Stretchable Strain Sensor

“…The 3D PDMS is inversely replicated from a porous template produced by proximity-field nanopatterning (PnP). ,− The transparent (transmittance 70% at patterning wavelength 355 nm) and thick, negative-tone photoresist, NR5, composed of phenolic components, is newly employed to fabricate the easily removable polymer template with well-defined 3D nanostructures (Figures S1 and S2). The NR5 is more advantageous in replicating such a 3D nanostructure due to it having good structural stability and processabilty, both of which are common problems of the conventional photoresists such as AZ9260 and SU-8. − Without a harsh and complicated removal process, NR5 can be easily removed by a single drop of a mild organic solvent such as acetone, ethanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Among those solvents, a DMSO-based remover is chosen for the 3D template removal after infiltration of PDMS because DMSO has the lowest swelling ratio of PDMS ( D / D 0 = 1.00, where D is the length of PDMS in the solvent and D 0 is the length of the dry PDMS) .…”

High-performance functional nanocomposites using 3D ordered and continuous nanostructures generated from proximity-field nanopatterning

“…Recently, a number of groups have proposed material conversion methods via templating processes [35,36], which involve three sequential steps: (i) a production of the 3D nanostructured templates; (ii) an infiltration of the target functional materials; and (iii) removal of the template materials. To infiltrate the target materials into the 3D template, several methods, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [37], electroless plating [38], atomic layer deposition (ALD) [39][40][41][42], electroplating [43], spin-casing [44], and sol-gel reaction [45,46], have been previously reported. The functional materials that are infiltrated by the above techniques are summarized in table 2.…”

Hierarchical Nanoporous Sn/SnOx Systems Obtained by Anodic Oxidation of Electrochemically Deposited Sn Nanofoams

“…The formation of metallic nanofoams by electrodeposition is based on the electrochemical reduction of metal ions at high current densities accompanied by the intensive formation of hydrogen bubbles playing a role of a dynamic template that is responsible for the metal foaming [9]. The approach allows us to obtain deposits with much higher surface area compared to a standard plain foil [10] and, in contrast to other reported methods, does not require either sophisticated equipment or complex procedures. Another attractive feature of this process is the formation of hierarchically organized micro/nanostructures [11] with higher accessibility of the inner surface to external agents compared to bulk particles of nanoporous solids (as additional microstructuring should shorten the length of nanopores thus helping to mitigate possible diffusion limitations within them).…”