Large-Area Phase Mapping Using PhAse Recognition and Characterization (PARC) Software

Hoek, Corrie van; Small, James; Laan, Sieger van der

doi:10.1017/s1551929516000572

Cited by 29 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In order to get representative data set several SI fields were measured and their total area was 30.2 (2-4 mm), 16.7 (1-2 mm), 17.8 (0.5-1mm), and 9.7 mm 2 (0.25-0.5 mm). The SI image sets were analyzed and stitched together using PhAse Recognition and Characterization (PARC) software developed by Tata steel (6) (35). PARC groups SI data points according to their composition determined with EDX and generates a phase map, phase amounts in area%, as well as the average composition of these phases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mineralogy of air granulated converter slag

Schollbach

Ahmed

Laan

2020

Int J Ceramic Engine & Sci

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Converter slag, also known as Basic Oxygen Furnace slag, is a by-product of steelmaking that is produced in large quantities worldwide. It currently has few applications, because the presence of free lime often prevents the use as aggregate, while the low reactivity makes it undesirable as a cement replacement. Air granulation is a promising way to increase the reactivity of converter slag and enable recycling as a cement replacement and this is the first in-depth characterization of air granulated steel slag. In this study converter slag was separated into different fractions (0.25-0.5 mm, 0.5-1 mm, 1-2 mm, 2-4 mm) after air granulation to study the influence of size and therefore cooling speed on its mineralogy. The air granulated slag fractions were characterized using X-ray fluorescence, quantitative X-Ray diffraction, large area phase mapping based on scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy as well as leaching behavior. The results show that the main minerals in air granulated converter slag are the same as in industrially cooled slag, but that additional perovskite was formed, which has not been reported before. All fractions contained large phenocrysts of Ca2SiO4 and Mg-wuestite surrounded by a dense matrix containing the other minerals. The three largest fractions are very similar to each other in chemical composition and microstructure, while the smallest fraction (0.25-0.5 mm) contains a higher content of Mg-wuestite even though the starting composition was the same. Free-lime is only present at the detection limit (0.1 ± 0.1 wt%) in all size fractions. The leaching of chromium and vanadium is greatly increased compared to standard cooled converter slag This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mineralogy of air granulated converter slag

Schollbach

Ahmed

Laan

2020

Int J Ceramic Engine & Sci

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“…To characterise both the (surface-) chemistry and mineralogy of dust particles, our approach combines SEM-EDS spectral imaging (SI) and an in-house-developed software package, PARC (PhAse Recognition and Characterisation) [28], to convert SI data into phase distribution maps. The phase distribution maps have a spatial resolution of between 1 and 2 µm (depending on settings for data acquisition) and reflect the surface mineralogy of the dust particles since the SEM electron beam generates characteristic element X-ray signal only to very limited depths of a few µm into the sample [29].…”

Section: Rationale Of Nuisance Dust Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PARC software is used to convert spectral imaging (SI) data into phase distribution maps following methods described in more detail in van Hoek et al [28]. The raw SI dataset contains the EDS spectrum for each pixel in an image field.…”

Section: Phase Distribution Maps From Spectral Imaging Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With grouping based on peak combinations only, separate phases containing the same major elements in different proportions will not be distinguished and are classified as one PARC group. The possibility exists within PARC to further sub-divide such groups based on continuous variations in element-peak intensity (ratios) using so-called "density plots" [28]. However, with 3D objects like dust particles, these intensities are generally too strongly affected by topography to robustly apply this approach.…”

Section: Phase Distribution Maps From Spectral Imaging Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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A method for analysis of nuisance dust from integrated steel works: chemical and mineralogical characteristics of contributing sources

et al. 2020

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Background Integrated steelmaking is known to emit coarse airborne ‘nuisance’ dust (10–100 µm) to the production site and in the local environs. We present a method to quantitatively analyse the provenance, mineralogical and chemical attributes of the constituent particles in nuisance dust related to the integrated steelworks of Tata Steel, IJmuiden, the Netherlands. The dust is characterised per particle, using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS) microanalysis, and in bulk with quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Based on mineralogical characteristics, particles in the dust are sorted into populations that can be related in detail to industrial processes and subsequent atmospheric weathering influence. The method is illustrated by application to a nuisance dust complaint sample from the neighbouring town Wijk aan Zee containing a large contribution of several dust sources from the integrated steelworks. Results Besides a background contribution from urban and natural dust, diverse sources from the integrated steelworks are identified in the nuisance dust sample, derived from coke-making, iron-ore agglomeration processes and blast furnace ironmaking, steelmaking slag processing, process fluxes, as well as steelmaking refractory materials. The most voluminous of these in the sample are directly verified by comparison with a set of reference source materials. The abundances, mineralogical and chemical attributes of the various dust particle populations in the sample are quantitatively examined including, specifically, the occurrence of the potentially toxic elements Mn and V. These elements occur with highest concentrations in dust derived from steelmaking converter slag: V is housed in dilute form (solid solution) in the phases di-calcium silicate and brownmillerite, and Mn chiefly in Mg–Fe-oxide (Mg-wustite ((Mg,Mn,Fe)O) and its oxidation product ((Mg,Mn,Fe)(Fe,Mn)2O4)). Conclusions By treating nuisance dust as a particulate, multi-phase, multi-source material, the outlined method provides crucial information for toxicological evaluation and for mitigation of emissions, which is not obtainable by bulk chemical analyses alone. It also helps address the lack of adequate monitoring options for deposits of nuisance dust from integrated steel production, necessary to evaluate the relationship between deposition and monitored emissions that are regulated by the European Industrial Emissions Directive and by local permits based on this legislation.

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“…The concept of large-area phase mapping is not new [7][8][9]. However, previous techniques employed to create phase maps render large-area phase mapping impractical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Area Quantitative Phase Mapping in the Scanning Electron Microscope

Thompson

2017

Micros. Today

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Silicon-drift-based energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometers and spectral imaging data storage have expanded the possibilities for collecting high information-content X-ray data in a modern scanning electron microscope. The implementation of principal component analysis for phase determination combined with an automated stage and the capability to stitch together a series of sequentially collected images enables the collection and analysis of large-area quantitative phase maps for detailed materials characterization on practical time scales. The new approach provides significant improvements, particularly in speed and completeness of analysis. Examples show detailed quantitative analyses of a mineralogical sample and a complex ceramic composite.

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Large-Area Phase Mapping Using PhAse Recognition and Characterization (PARC) Software

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

The mineralogy of air granulated converter slag

The mineralogy of air granulated converter slag

A method for analysis of nuisance dust from integrated steel works: chemical and mineralogical characteristics of contributing sources

Large-Area Quantitative Phase Mapping in the Scanning Electron Microscope

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