Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the head and neck: a distinct clinicopathologic entity

Ferlito, Alfio; Strojan, Primož; Lewis, James S.; Perez-Ordoñez, Bayardo; Rinaldo, Alessandra

doi:10.1007/s00405-014-3090-7

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…12 Because there is not yet an immunohistochemical stain that can discriminate between small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) and LCNEC, a panel of three markers, BAI3, CDX2 and VIL1, was used for diagnosis. 13 The critical distinction between SCNEC and LCNEC is not in the overall cell size but in the nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios (“high” in small cell and “lower” in large cell). 14 The major feature that distinguishes LCNEC from atypical carcinoids is mitotic activity (>10/10 high-power fields or 2 mm 2 ) and necrosis, with LCNEC typically having more extensive necrosis and more pleomorphic cells with prominent nucleoli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses after successful curative therapy: a case report and literature review</p>

Zhao

Wei

Zhang

et al. 2019

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This report describes a 40-year-old male patient with symptoms affecting the nasal sinuses including nasal obstruction and olfactory anesthesia. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that the tumor eroded the adjacent bone and bilateral frontal lobes. The biopsy sample of the left nasal mass was processed for both H&E staining and immunohistological staining for various markers. The final histological examination showed large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with poor differentiation. After a general evaluation, the patient was staged as cT4bN0M0. The patient was treated by combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The treatment yielded almost complete remission, and after 10 months of follow-up, no distant organ metastasis or recurrence in the primary tumor region was detected.We report this rare case and review the current literature of this tumor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses after successful curative therapy: a case report and literature review</p>

Zhao

Wei

Zhang

et al. 2019

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“…The tumour has a unique morphology and behaviour, and should be classified as a specific tumour diagnosis 7 . There are reports of these tumours arising in different head and neck subsites, with the most common site being the larynx 38 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How phenotype guides management of the neuroendocrine carcinomas of the larynx

et al. 2018

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A PubMed search was performed using the term 'neuroendocrine carcinoma'. English-language articles on neuroendocrine carcinoma of the larynx were reviewed in detail.Results and conclusionWhile many historical classifications have been proposed, in contemporary practice these tumours are sub-classified into four subtypes: carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. These tumours exhibit a wide range of biological behaviour, ranging from the extremely aggressive nature of small and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, which usually have a fatal prognosis, to the less aggressive course of carcinoid tumours. In small and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, a combination of irradiation and chemotherapy is indicated, while carcinoid and atypical carcinoid tumour management entails conservation surgery.

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“…Historically, they have been recognised as commonly arising from the gastrointestinal and pulmonary systems,1 but, increasingly, they have been identified from any anatomical site 2. Traditionally, they have been classified by histological grade into typical carcinoid (low grade), atypical carcinoid (intermediate grade) and small cell NECs (high grade).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is well-established literature, particularly for pulmonary LCNEC, showing distinct outcomes compared to other NECs. The most common site for extrapulmonary LCNEC is the larynx, followed by the parotid gland, with sparse case reports also showing it to occur in the sinonasal tract, the oral cavity, the oropharynx, the hypopharynx and the submandibular gland 2. The current literature on NECs of the hypopharynx is limited to a small number of case reports 7–13.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypopharyngeal large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

et al. 2015

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SUMMARYNeuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the head and neck is rare. We report a case of a 56-year-old man with a 6-week history of dysphagia, a neck mass and weight loss. He was diagnosed with a hypopharyngeal large cell NEC (LCNEC) with metastases to multiple sites. He received two cycles of cisplatin and etoposide. Subsequent restaging scan revealed progressive disease. The patient declined further chemotherapy and died shortly after. This is the third case of LCNEC of hypopharynx reported in the English literature and the first to progress on platinum-based chemotherapy. Although LCNEC of the head and neck is still classified as an atypical carcinoid, there is increasing evidence it is a distinct clinicohistopathological entity that carries an especially poor prognosis. Currently, there is a paucity of data to guide treatment of this rare malignancy. BACKGROUND

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Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the head and neck: a distinct clinicopathologic entity

Cited by 22 publications

References 26 publications

<p>Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses after successful curative therapy: a case report and literature review</p>

<p>Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses after successful curative therapy: a case report and literature review</p>

How phenotype guides management of the neuroendocrine carcinomas of the larynx

Hypopharyngeal large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

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