A large-scale perpendicular cavitating vortices (PCVs), at the trailing edge of attached cavitation on the blade suction side near the tip region, has been found recently due to the great impact on performance breakdown in an axial waterjet pump. However, the trajectory and dynamics of this structure have been given scant attention. In this study, some visualized experiments were carried out to elucidate the PCVs for different conditions. The high-speed imaging coupled with numerical computations show that the vortical cloud cavitation is induced by the combination of tip leakage vortex (TLV) and radial re-entrant jets from the hub to blade tip. Moreover, the trajectory and intensity of PCVs depend on the operating conditions strongly, whether the other parameters, e.g. blade number and blade geometries, are modified. When taken the blade number into consideration, as a consequence of flow passage width and blade loading distributions, the dynamics and strength of PCVs vary considerably. Furthermore, an optimum clearance geometry is seen to eliminate corner vortex and clearance cavitation when the clearance edge is rounded on the pressure side. However, the more intensive tip leakage vortex cavitation is observed due to the increased amount of leakage flux. Additionally, in the original blade with sharp edges, the PCVs is relative weak and has a loose structure, resulting in the multiple interaction with the next blade. These phenomenon are responsible for the severe performance degradation and flow instabilities in the tip region of an axial-flow pump. Lei Shi, Zhang, Zhao, Weidong Shi and van Esch, Journal of Fluid Science and Technology, Vol.12, No.1 (2017) 7 low pressure in the vortex core (Arndt, 2002;Higashi et al., 2002;Murayama, 2006). Thus, cavitation inception is often coupled with vortex structures, such as tip leakage, trailing and hub vortices as well as turbulent vortex structures developing in regions of flow separation.In the aforementioned research, much attention has been paid to the tip leakage vortex cavitation around the fully-wetted hydrofoils (Boulon et al., 1999;Park et al., 2006;Dreyer et al., 2014). Although many progress has been made in regard to the vortex structures and self-induced cavitation, some important parameters are still missing in actual hydraulic machines, for instance, the body force in rotating frame which can alter the cavitation phenomenon. As a result, for the practical applications, the numerical and experimental investigations have been carried out in many rotating machines, both for single and multiphase flows. Farrell and Billet (1994) measured the important variables for the correlation which predict the vortex minimum pressure in a high Reynolds number axial-flow test rig. Moreover, an optimum tip clearance has been theoretically identified as experiments have shown. Afterwards, a combined study of tip clearance and tip vortex cavitation in an axial flow pump was carried out by Laborde et al. (1997). A conclusion is drawn that cavitation inception is...