Large effects of peripheral cues on appearance correlate with low precision

Kerzel, Dirk; Zarian, Leily; Gauch, Angélique; Buetti, Simona

doi:10.1167/10.11.26

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Thus, the location of attentional focus might work as a reliable source for the judgment of target location. In another stream of research, it has been suggested that a cued object was judged as salient compared with a non-cued object (Kerzel, Zarian, Gauch, & Buetti, 2010;Schneider & Komlos, 2008) and that observers reported the presence of the target at the cued location even though no target was actually presented at the location (Prinzmetal, Long, & Leonardt, 2008). Thus, it is possible that what affected the attractive target mislocalization in the present study might have been response bias toward the cued location.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Temporal course of position shift for a peripheral target

2011

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When a target is presented near a leading cue stimulus, the perceived location of the target is displaced from the cue (attentional repulsion). On the other hand, a memorized target is sometimes mislocalized toward the cue (attentional attraction). The present study aimed at clarifying the temporal relationship between attentional repulsion and attentional attraction. We used a relative judgment task wherein observers judged whether the horizontal location of the target circle was displaced leftward or rightward from the location of a vertically separated probe disk. In Experiments 1 and 2, the stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) between the target and the probe was manipulated from 0 ms to 2000 ms. Repulsive and attractive position shifts were observed at short and long target-probe SOAs, respectively. In Experiment 3, we found that both the cue-target SOA and the target-probe SOA governed the repulsion and attraction in different ways. The results suggest that attentional repulsion and attentional attraction occur at different visual processing stages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Temporal course of position shift for a peripheral target

2011

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“…Some subjects are very precise in their judgements and report the veridical contrast even in the presence of an attentional cue, whereas other subjects exhibit large attentionally-driven biases. Kerzel, Zarian, Gauch, & Buetti (2010) showed that, the less precise the subjects were in their judgments, in terms of the variance of their responses (the σ parameter of our model and not the threshold τ), the larger effects they exhibited in the comparative judgment task. They also concluded that attention changes the decision criteria and not perceived contrast.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

A three-response task reveals how attention alters decision criteria but not appearance

Schneider¹,

Malik²

2021

Preprint

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Whether attention alters appearance or just changes decision criteria continues to be controversial. When subjects are forced to choose which of two equal targets, one of which has been pre-cued, has a higher contrast, they tend to choose the cued target. This has been interpreted as attention increasing the apparent contrast of the cued target. However, when subjects must decide whether the two targets have equal or unequal contrast, they respond veridically with no apparent effect of attention. The discrepancy between these comparative and equality judgments is explained by attention altering the decision criteria but not appearance. We supposed that when subjects are forced to choose which of two apparently equal targets has the higher contrast, they tend to proportion their uncertainty in favor of the cued target. To test this hypothesis, we employed a three-response task, in which subjects chose which target had the higher contrast but also had the option to report that the targets appeared equal. Across the population, this task disentangled potential attention effects on appearance from those on the decision criteria. We found that as subjects’ narrowed their criteria about what constituted equal contrast, they were more likely to choose the cued target, supporting our uncertainty stealing hypothesis. Across the population. the effects of the attentional cue are explained as changes in the decision criteria and not changes in appearance.

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“…The relation between the equality and comparative paradigms has been further probed by Kerzel et al . (), who replicated both the comparative contrast task of Carrasco et al . () and the equality contrast task of Schneider and Komlos ().…”

Section: The Equality Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 73%

Attention and Mental Primer

Beck¹,

Schneider²

2017

Mind & Language

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Drawing on the empirical premise that attention makes objects look more intense (bigger, faster, higher in contrast), Ned Block has argued for mental paint, a phenomenal residue that cannot be reduced to what is perceived or represented. If sound, Block's argument would undermine direct realism and representationism, two widely held views about the nature of conscious perception. We argue that Block's argument fails because the empirical premise it is based upon is false. Attending to an object alters its salience, but not its perceived intensity. We also argue that salience should be equated with mental primer, a close cousin of mental paint that reintroduces difficulties for direct realism and representationism. The upshot is that direct realism and representationism are still in trouble, but not for the reason that Block thinks.

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Large effects of peripheral cues on appearance correlate with low precision

Cited by 20 publications

References 45 publications

Temporal course of position shift for a peripheral target

Temporal course of position shift for a peripheral target

A three-response task reveals how attention alters decision criteria but not appearance

Attention and Mental Primer

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