Large Electro-optic Activity and Enhanced Thermal Stability from Diarylaminophenyl-Containing High-β Nonlinear Optical Chromophores

Abstract

Two series of highly efficient and thermally stable nonlinear optical chromophores based on the (4diarylamino)phenyl electron donors have been synthesized and systematically investigated. A modular approach has been employed to synthesize these electron donors with tunable size, shape, and electrondonating abilities. Efficient conjugated bridges were extended from these donors and coupled with very strong CF 3 -TCF electron acceptors to afford chromophores with very high β values (up to 7077 × 10 -30 esu at 1.907 µm). These chromophores possess much higher thermal stability (with their onset decomposition temperatures all above 220 °C) than those substituted with (4-dialkylamino)phenyl donors. Most importantly, the high molecular hyperpolarizability of these chromophores can be effectively translated into very large electro-optic (E-O) coefficients (r 33 ) in poled polymers through suitable shape engineering. Exemplified by the chromophore B4, which has a fluorinated aromatic substituent anchored at its donor end, it showed a very large r 33 (169 pm/V) at 1.31 µm. This value is almost 1 order higher than the E-O activities usually reported for (4-diarylamino)phenyl-substituted NLO chromophores.

Rationalization of Dye Uptake on Titania Slides for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells by a Combined Chemometric and Structural Approach

“…Syntheses of compounds 4 and D5 were performed with a slight modification compared to the literature procedures, [14,29] starting from commercial 4-(N,N-diphenylamino)benzaldehyde 1 (Scheme 1). The first step of our synthetic pathway is a simple Wittig reaction [30] to obtain alkene 2 which was used as a substrate for a subsequent Pd-catalyzed decarbonylative Heck reaction [31] to give intermediate 3.…”

Polymeric Optical Code-Division Multiple-Access (CDMA) Encoder and Decoder Modules

“…Polymeric waveguide based photonics devices have been extensively researched [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Electro-optic (EO) polymers with high EO coefficients have been developed [14,15].…”

“…Electro-optic (EO) polymers with high EO coefficients have been developed [14,15]. High performance polymer EO modulators have also been developed [10][11][12][13].…”

“…The current heater increases the temperature of the polymeric waveguide. The temperature increase will lead to refractive index change through the TO effect of the polymeric waveguide [14]. The thermo-optics efficient ( T n ∂ ∂ / ) of the polymeric waveguide is typically [14,15].…”

“…The temperature increase will lead to refractive index change through the TO effect of the polymeric waveguide [14]. The thermo-optics efficient ( T n ∂ ∂ / ) of the polymeric waveguide is typically [14,15]. The phase shift due to the thermo-optically induced refractive index change is:…”