Large Enantiomeric Excesses of <scp>l</scp>-Form Amino Acids in Deep-sea Hydrothermal Sub-vent of 156 °C Fluids at the Suiyo Seamount, Izu–Bonin Arc, Pacific Ocean

Takano, Yoshinori; Horiuchi, Tsukasa; Kobayashi, Kensei; Marumo, Katsumi; Urabe, Tetsuro

doi:10.1246/cl.2003.970

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Traces of what appear to be abiogenic methane and straight-chain hydrocarbons have been detected in a variety of ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems (Charlou et al 2000(Charlou et al , 2002Proskurowski et al 2008), however the detection of abiogenic amino acids in hydrothermal vent fluids remains elusive. This is either because abiotic amino acid synthesis does not occur in these environments or because it occurs at levels below analytical sensitivity or below the threshold necessary to distinguish them from background biological contamination (Takano et al 2003). This study suggests that amino acids are not detected because the reduced starting compounds and intermediates necessary for their formation are degraded rapidly at high temperatures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

The Role of Submarine Hydrothermal Systems in the Synthesis of Amino Acids

Aubrey

Cleaves

Bada

2008

Orig Life Evol Biosph

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There is little consensus regarding the plausibility of organic synthesis in submarine hydrothermal systems (SHSs) and its possible relevance to the origin of life. The primary reason for the persistence of this debate is that most experimental high temperature and high-pressure organic synthesis studies have neglected important geochemical constraints with respect to source material composition. We report here the results of experiments exploring the potential for amino acid synthesis at high temperature from synthetic seawater solutions of varying composition. The synthesis of amino acids was examined as a function of temperature, heating time, starting material composition and concentration. Using very favorable reactant conditions (high concentrations of reactive, reduced species), small amounts of a limited set of amino acids are generated at moderate temperature conditions ( approximately 125-175 degrees C) over short heating times of a few days, but even these products are significantly decomposed after exposure times of approximately 1 week. The high concentration dependence observed for these synthetic reactions are demonstrated by the fact that a 10-fold drop in concentration results in orders of magnitude lower yields of amino acids. There may be other synthetic mechanisms not studied herein that merit investigation, but the results are likely to be similar. We conclude that although amino acids can be generated from simple likely environmentally available precursors under SHS conditions, the equilibrium at high temperatures characteristic of SHSs favors net amino acid degradation rather than synthesis, and that synthesis at lower temperatures may be more favorable.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

The Role of Submarine Hydrothermal Systems in the Synthesis of Amino Acids

Aubrey

Cleaves

Bada

2008

Orig Life Evol Biosph

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“…Although many microorganisms isolated from hydrothermal environments have been shown to actively take up AAs (Jannasch et al, 1988;Pledger and Baross, 1991;Hoaki et al, 1993Hoaki et al, , 1994Dirmeier et al, 1998), the distribution and abundance of AAs within hydrothermal ecosystems have only been documented in a few studies (Haberstroh and Karl, 1989;Takano et al, 2003;Svensson et al, 2004;Klevenz et al, 2010;Lang et al, 2013). In addition, due to preferential removal and transformation of various AAs during microbial organic matter degradation, the compositions of protein-forming and non-protein forming AAs can be used to examine the diagenetic status of organic matter to infer the occurrence of heterotrophic activities in an environment (Hecky et al, 1973;Cowie and Hedges, 1992;Dauwe et al, 1999;Heeschen et al, 2003;Aluwihare and Meador, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved amino acids in oceanic basaltic basement fluids

Lin

Amend

LaRowe

et al. 2015

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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The oceanic basaltic basement contains the largest aquifer on Earth and potentially plays an important role in the global carbon cycle as a net sink for dissolved organic carbon (DOC). However, few details of the organic matter cycling in the subsurface are known because great water depths and thick sediments typically hinder direct access to this environment. In an effort to examine the role of water-rock-microorganism interaction on organic matter cycling in the oceanic basaltic crust, basement fluid samples collected from three borehole observatories installed on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge were analyzed for dissolved amino acids. Our data show that dissolved free amino acids (1-13 nM) and dissolved hydrolyzable amino acids (43-89 nM) are present in the basement. The amino acid concentrations in the ridge-flank basement fluids are at the low end of all submarine hydrothermal fluids reported in the literature and are similar to those in deep seawater. Amino acids in recharging deep seawater, in situ amino acid production, and diffusional input from overlying sediments are potential sources of amino acids in the basement fluids. Thermodynamic modeling shows that amino acid synthesis in the basement can be sustained by energy supplied from inorganic substrates via chemolithotrophic metabolisms. Furthermore, an analysis of amino acid concentrations and compositions in basement fluids support the notion that heterotrophic activity is ongoing. Similarly, the enrichment of acidic amino acids and depletion of hydrophobic ones relative to sedimentary particulate organic matter suggests that surface sorption and desorption also alters amino acids in the basaltic basement. In summary, although the oceanic basement aquifer is a net sink for deep seawater DOC, similar amino acid concentrations in basement aquifer and deep seawater suggest that DOC is preferentially removed in the basement over dissolved amino acids. Our data also suggest that organic carbon cycling occurs in the oceanic basaltic basement, where an active subsurface biosphere is likely responsible for amino acid synthesis and degradation.

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“…Rise), shallow marine vent sediments near Kodakara-Jima Island (Japan), and in a subsurface hydrothermal mine (Japan) (Silfer and Engel, 1990;Hoaki et al, 1995;Andersson et al, 2000;Takano et al, 2003aTakano et al, ,b, 2004. Recently, the concentrations of amino acids, carboxylic acids and neutral aldoses were measured in the shallow marine hydrothermal system of Vulcano Island, Italy (Amend et al, 1998(Amend et al, , 2003bSvensson et al, 2004;Rogers, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%